Download TOTAL MARKS: 100

BACHELOR OF PHARMACY
PHARMACY PRACTICE II: PHM605
SEMESTER ONE FINAL EXAMINATION (30%), 2015
TOTAL MARKS: 100
TIME ALLOWED: 3 HOURS, PLUS 10 MINUTES READING TIME
Instructions
 No books, written materials or notes may be taken into the examination room.
 Non-programmable calculators may be taken into the examination room.
 Attempt ALL questions.
 ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN THE ANSWER BOOKLET PROVIDED.
 Write your student ID on each page of the answer booklet.
 Marks for each section are as follows:
SECTION A: Multiple Choice
10 marks
SECTION B: Short Answer Questions
65 marks
SECTION C: Calculations
10 marks
SCETION D: Essay
15 marks
---------------
TOTAL
100 MARKS
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SECTION A
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
(10 MARKS)
Choose the correct answer and write the LETTER (A, B, C, D, or E) of the correct
answer in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
1. An issue that defines the inventory management context is whether the logistics
system is a pull or push system. The Push System is whereby:
A. Operating units order drugs from a warehouse or supplier according to
local determination of need
B. Operating units order drugs from a nearby hospital according to the future
determination of need
C. Central Authority orders drugs from suppliers and determines the
quantities that will be shipped to the operating unit
D. All of the above
2. The ABC category – categorizes items by the volume and value of consumption
during a year. Class B drugs are:
A. 10-20% of items, 15-20% expenditures
B. 10-20% of items, 75-80% expenditures
C. 10-20% of items, 35-40% expenditures
D. 10-20% of items, 60-75% expenditures
E. None of the above
3. Which of the following is CORRECT about disposable items?
A. Cheaper to purchase compared to reusable
B. Need less storage space
C. Safer, less risk of disease transmission
D. Less wastage
E. None of the above
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4. Most drugs and medical supplies can be kept at uncontrolled room temperature.
If a product has no special instructions, normal storage conditions apply. This
means:
A. Temperatures between +15 to +25 degrees Celsius
B. Temperatures between +10 to +25 degrees Celsius
C. Temperatures between +15 to +35 degrees Celsius
D. Temperatures between +10 to +35 degrees Celsius
E. None of the above
5. Which of the following is NOT a function of the Drugs and Therapeutics
Committee?
A. Conducting effective interventions to improve medicine use
B. Managing Adverse Drug Reactions
C. Formulation of the National Drugs Policy
D. Developing and reviewing Standard Treatment Guidelines
E. Advisory committee to medical staff, administration and pharmacy
6. What does SANE stand for with respect to the Essential Drugs List?
A. Safety, Affordability, Need and Essential
B. Safety, Adverse Effect, Need and Efficacy
C. Safety, Adverse Effect, Need and Essential
D. Safety, Affordability, Need and Efficacy
E. None of the above
7. The Bill of Lading is a:
A. Transport document
B. Equivalent to a waybill or consignment note in air or road transport
C. Only A and B are correct
D. None of the above
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8. The authority to adjudicate tenders and award contract should be reserved to
the:
A. Tender Board
B. Procurement Committee
C. Head of Central Medical Store
D. Only A and B are correct
E. All of the above
9. Adjusted Consumption method in quantifying drug requirements uses:
A. Data on patient utilization and morbidity
B. List of all drugs to be procured and most accurate data of past
consumption
C. Known consumption from one system called the standard to estimate the
drug needs in a similar or expanded system known as the target
D. All of the above
10. Select the CORRECT statement:
A. Medications available on the Essential Drugs List should guide treatment
in the Standard Treatment Guidelines
B. The National Drugs and Therapeutics Committee develops the Standard
Treatment Guidelines and Essential Drugs List
C. Standard Treatment Guidelines should be based on Australian and New
Zealand Treatment Guidelines
D. All Medicines on the Essential Drugs List should be available at all health
care facilities
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SECTION B
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
(65 MARKS)
Answer ALL the questions in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
1. Define the following terms:
a) Quantification
b) Counterfeit Drug
c) Procurement
d) Drug Use Evaluation
e) Total Variable Cost
f) Service Level
(1 mark each)
2. What is Cyclic Counting and explain the processes involved. Give TWO reasons
why Cyclic Counting is the preferred method to Annual Stock Take or Annual
Stock Count.
(4 marks)
3. As a Senior Pharmacist at CWM Hospital, you have been tasked to talk to a team
of Logistics Pharmacists and Assistants on Distribution Systems. As part of your
talk, list SIX benefits of a Well Run Distribution System.
(3 marks)
4. Selecting between Reusable and Disposable items can be a challenge in Medical
Supplies Management. List THREE ADVANTAGES of both, Reusable Items and
Disposable Items.
(3 marks)
5. As a pharmacist and member of the Drugs and Therapeutics Committee (DTC) in
a regional country, you have put forward a proposal to implement an Essential
Medicines List (EML) as your country does not have an EML as yet. Some
members of the DTC do not approve of it. The chairperson has requested you to
provide a paper on ‘What Practical Implications an EML will have in the country’s
health Service’. Discuss FIVE.
(5 marks)
6. You have been tasked with improving Pharmaceutical Procurement in a
developing country. Discuss FOUR key Operational Principles of Good
Pharmaceutical Procurement that you would adopt for this task.
(4 marks)
7. You are the pharmacist at Lami Health Center. The health center has finally
decided to acknowledge your proposal to extend the drug storage area. List the
SEVEN main factors which are important to effectively manage the storage area.
(7 marks)
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8. List SIX benefits of having Holding Stock in hand by Pharmacy Stores. (3 marks)
9. Irrational Drug Use and its associated costs have prompted various countries to
adopt programs targeted towards raising awareness on Rational Drug Use. You
have been selected to champion this campaign in your country.
a) What is the definition of Rational Drug Use?
(2 marks)
b) Discuss FIVE examples of Irrational Drug Use.
(5 marks)
c) List FOUR Adverse Impacts of Irrational Drug Use.
(2 marks)
d) Dispensers have a significant role in Rational Use of Medicines. As a result
of Dispensers skills and knowledge, Identify FOUR issues a Dispenser
should be able to detect to prevent drugs been irrationally used.
(2 marks)
10. There has been a rapid growth in both consumption and expenditure in the
health sector. The World Health Organization advises country’s to develop it’s
own National Drug Policy.
a) What is a National Drug Policy?
(2 marks)
b) List and discuss THREE main objectives of a National Drug Policy.
(3 marks)
c) List FOUR reasons why National Drug Policies differ by country?
(2 marks)
d) Discuss the SEVEN steps involved in Formulating the National Drug
Policy.
(7 marks)
11. Different Inventory Control Models have been developed to fit various situations.
Relate the inventory control model to your attachment experience at Divisional
Hospitals and Fiji Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Services Center.
a) Identify the type of inventory control model adopted by these facilities.
(2 marks)
b) Discuss THREE benefits/efficiencies of this model.
(3 marks)
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SECTION C
CALCULATIONS
(10 MARKS)
Show FULL calculations for ALL the questions in the ANSWER BOOKLET
Mr. Key is the Pharmacist at Balolo Health Centre. He needs to order drugs for his health
facility from Fiji Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Services Center. Mr. Key advises you that
the facility needs to order drugs for the next 3 months and due to various transport
issues; it takes 6 weeks for drugs to reach the facility after need arise and orders are
placed. Using the information provided, assist Mr. Key in: (ROUND OFF ANSWERS TO
THE NEXT WHOLE NUMBER)
a) Re-establishing the Minimum and Maximum stock levels
(7 marks)
b) Calculate the Quantity of Ibuprofen to be ordered
(2 marks)
c) Calculate the Total Cost for the quantity of Ibuprofen to be ordered.
(1 mark)
Drug
Ibuprofen
Strength
400mg
Unit Size
tabs
Pack Size
500
Pack Cost
4.63
Consumption Data
Jan
12,381
Feb
13,448
March
10,993
April
11,828
May
11,721
June
12,481
Days out of stock
28
Stock on hand
21 packs
Stock on order
5 packs
Working formula
Ss = Lt x CA
Smin = (Lt x CA) + Ss
Smax = Smin + (PP x CA)
CA = Ct ÷ [RM – (Dos ÷ 30.5)]
Qo = CA x (Lt + PP) + Ss – (Si + So)
Qo = (Smax + SB) – (Si + So)
Ss: quantity in stock
CA: average monthly consumption, adjusted for stock outs
Smin: minimum stock
Qo: quantity to be ordered in basic units
Dos: number of days an item is out of stock
So: stock now on order in basic units
Smax: maximum stock
Lt: Average lead time for supplier
CT: total consumption during review period
PP: Procurement Period
RM: review period in months
Si: Stock now in inventory in basic units
SB: Stock on back order
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SECTION D
ESSAY
(15 MARKS)
Attempt the essay question in the ANSWER BOOKLET.
1. The Fiji Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Services Center (FPBSC) operates as a
Central Medical Stores.
a) Describe what FPBSC operating as a Central Medical Store means. List the
advantages and disadvantages of this supply system.
(3 marks)
b) Discuss the other FOUR supply strategies available. What are the
advantages and disadvantages of these four supply systems? (12 marks)
END OF PAPER.
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