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Rubella
by Lena Zadruzynski
Anatomy / Physiology 6th hour
Mr. Weidert
What is Rubella
(also called German measles
or three-day measles)?
Transmission electron micrograph of
rubella virus, Sources 1.
 Rubella is an infection by the rubella virus called togavirus which is
usually transmitted by droplets of moisture from the nose or throat
 the virus is found in the blood 5 to 7 days after infection and
spreads throughout the body
 primarily affects the skin and lymph nodes
 more common for children, infectious for six days after infection
Main Symptoms of Rubella
 the primary symptom of
rubella virus infection is a redpink rash
 the rash usually starts
 behind the ears, then around the
head and neck
 it may then spread to the chest
and tummy, legs and arms
 secondary symptoms are
swollen lymph nodes
Source of pictures: https://skindisorders6.wikispaces.com/Measles+%26+Rubella
More Symptoms
 low fever
 feels like having a cold (runny and stuffy nose, sore throat and
cough)
 headache
 muscle pain
 inflamed or red eyes
 loss of appetite
 tiredness
Source of pictures: Sources 13 and 14
Rubella and pregnancy
If a woman catches German measles virus not early in pregnancy
o Virus can pass through the bloodstream to the fetus and disturb the
development of the baby
 delayed growth
 heart defects
 learning disabilities
 deafness
 eye problems
 poorly function organs
o The birth defects caused by the rubella virus are known as congenital
rubella syndrome (CRS)
Cure
There is no specific treatment for rubella. The condition is
usually mild and improves within seven to ten days.
 Controlling fever and relieving pain
 Drink a lot
 Treating cold-like symptoms
 Avoiding the spread of infection
In rare cases, Rubella can cause serious problems in an unborn baby, so you
should try to avoid contact with pregnant women or watch your children for
at least six days from the start of the rash
Prevention
The best way to avoid catching rubella is to be immunised
with the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine!
The German Standing Vaccination Committee (STIKO)
recommends two MMR vaccinations for children:
You can have MMR vaccination at any age
Source: Flyer Measles Mumps Rubella Vaccination
Worst case scenario
 Serious complications of Rubella are rare since MMR vaccine
 Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS)
• Miscarriage in up to 20% of cases
• infection in first 10 weeks
 the risk of CRS is as high as 90%
 babies with multiple birth defects
• infection in 11th-16th weeks
 the risk of CRS drops to around 10-20%
 babies with fewer birth defects
• infection in 17th-20th weeks
 CRS is very rare
 babies with deafness
Source: http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Rubella/Pages/Complications.aspx/
3 facts about Rubella
 Rubella is generally mild viral infection that occurs often in
children and young adults worldwide
 Rubella infection in pregnant women may cause fetal death or
congenital defects known as congenital rubella syndrome
(CRS)
 Every year worldwide 110 000 babies are born with CRS
Source: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs367/en/
Sources
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubella
2.
http://www.google.de/imgres?imgurl=https://www.papermasters.com/images/rubella.jpg&imgrefurl=https://www.papermasters
.com/rubella.html&h=287&w=170&tbnid=tTJEFEUe58tS8M:&zoom=1&tbnh=144&tbnw=85&usg=__5IJ8iqX7zwb8GPa7Y6_4rLsf4E=&docid=qXFbl2ohYwf6wM&client=firefox-a&sa=X&ei=jiY0VOfVJ869PfTXgKgP&ved=0CCsQ9QEwAg&dur=539
3. https://skindisorders6.wikispaces.com/Measles+%26+Rubella
4. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs367/en/
5. http://www.rki.de/DE/Content/Infekt/EpidBull/Merkblaetter/Ratgeber_Roeteln.html
6. Flyer Measles Mumps Rubella Vaccination
7. http://www.bzga.de/infomaterialien/impfungen-und-persoenlicher-infektionsschutz/impfen/faltblatt-mmr-impfung/weiteresprachen-als-pdf/
8. http://chealth.canoe.ca/channel_condition_info_details.asp?disease_id=252&channel_id=1020&relation_id=71085
9. http://kidshealth.org/parent/infections/skin/german_measles.html
11. http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Rubella/Pages/Complications.aspx
12. http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Rubella/Pages/Introduction.aspx
13. http://www.google.de/imgres?imgurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buzzle.com%2Fimg%2FarticleImages%2F543047-111639.jpg&imgrefurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buzzle.com%2Farticles%2Fswollen-eyelid-intoddler.html&h=173&w=260&tbnid=_wvWENh2ur1K0M%3A&zoom=1&docid=I8oOD7jQ1b1BqM&ei=7YM1VK3uKOXO7gb0koCQ
Aw&tbm=isch&client=firefox-a&iact=rc&uact=3&dur=631&page=3&start=70&ndsp=43&ved=0CJUCEK0DME8
14.
http://www.google.de/imgres?imgurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elternwissen.com%2Ffileadmin%2Fcontent%2Fmagazin%2Fgesundh
eit%2FHausmittel-fuer-Kinder%2Ffieberhausmittel.jpg&imgrefurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elternwissen.com%2Fgesundheit%2Fhausmittel-fuerkinder%2Fart%2Ftipp%2Fhausmittel-fuer-kinder-gegen-fieber.html&h=1602&w=1600&tbnid=CZYZ3v_cjyZOM%3A&zoom=1&docid=v4Tr8jDdW5k-MM&ei=i4A1VKHmDeTP7gaM94CoAw&tbm=isch&client=firefoxa&iact=rc&uact=3&dur=351&page=3&start=77&ndsp=42&ved=0CLACEK0DMFg