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Name ____________________________________________________________ Date ___________________________ EQ: How do the lithospheric plates affect Earth’s surface? Lithospheric Plates • ______________________________ is like a jigsaw puzzle in motion. The pieces in the puzzle are made of large chunks of ____________________________________ • _____________________ is the ____________________________________ of Earth. • It ____________________________________ and the top of the _______________. The __________________ of the lithosphere are called _______________________________ • Continents and the _________________________ rest on these plates. Where these __________________________ or separate, events take place that shape Earth’s surface The Lithosphere • Lithosphere- The solid, _________________________ of the Earth that consists of the crust and the rigid ___________________________ of the mantle. Divided into pieces called _________________________. Continents in Motion • German scientist, _________________________ (VAY guh nuhr ), ______________________ that all land masses on Earth had once made up a single, __________________________. • A ________________ is a proposed explanation for one or more _____________________. • As ______________________________ passed, pieces of this giant continent separated and moved to their ________________________________. This process is called __________________________. Continents move about 2 cm a year. Continents in Motion • After years of observations _______________ came up with a hypothesis he called continental drift. He thought _______________________________ were once joined in a single, huge continent. • CONTINENTAL DRIFT- The hypothesis that states that the _______________________________ a single landmass, broke up, and drifted to their present locations. Fossils • Fossils can show evidence of __________________________. For example, ________________ was a reptile that lived more than 250 million years ago • It lived in __________________________________________________. • Scientists ____________________________ in both South America and Africa. These continents are now separated by the salty _____________________________________. • How did their ____________________ end up on both ____________________? Events Caused by Moving Plates • Scientists divide Earth’s lithospheric plates into two groups• _________________________ continental plates • _________________________ oceanic plates The collision of these plates produce different events on Earth’s surface Oceanic Plate vs. Continental Plate • When an _______________ plate runs into a ____________________ plate, the more dense plate slides under the less dense plate • This causes ______________________________________ like Mount St. Helens in the state of Washington to form. Oceanic Plate vs. Oceanic Plate • When ______________________________________________________ meet, one slides under the other • A ________________________ in the ocean floor forms and volcanic islands may pop through the ocean’s surface. • The Aleutian islands between Alaska and Russia were formed this way Continental Plate vs. Continental Plate • When two _________________________________________________________, neither slides under the other • The plates buckle upward where they meet • This buckling produces ______________________________________________________________ • Example: _____________________________________________________ Earthquakes! • Some plates get stuck as they __________ into each other or ____________________ each other. • When they become __________, a sudden jolt happens. • Energy is released and energy sends waves through the ground. • This causes the ground to _______________…It’s an ____________________! Earthquakes Part 2 Earthquakes occur more frequently along _____________________________________ than anywhere else. • This accounts for the “Ring of Fire” that curves around the Pacific Ocean. • The “Ring of Fire” is a belt where volcanoes and earthquakes are very common. • The belt follows the borders of plate boundaries.