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Transcript
APES Chapter 8 Vocabulary Species diversity (richness) Species abundance Niche structure Ecotones Edge effects Species equilibrium model Theory of island biogeography Native species Nonnative species Exotic species Alien species Indicator species Keystone species Top predator Intraspecific competition Interspecific competition Interference competition Exploitation competition Competitive exclusion principle Resource partitioning Realized niche Fundamental niche Predation Warning coloration Mimicry Symbiosis Parasitism Mutualism Commensalisms Ecological succession Primary succession Secondary succession Pioneer species Early successional plant species Midsuccessional species Late successional species Facilitation Inhibition Tolerance Disturbance Intermediate disturbance hypothesis Climax community Stability Inertia Persistence Constancy Resilience Precautionary principle APES Chapter 8 Objectives 1. a. Define ecological niche. b. Distinguish between fundamental niche and realized niche. c. List five factors that determine the realized niche. 2. a. Distinguish between a specialist and a generalist. b. Evaluate the conditions that favor these two approaches. 3. a. Distinguish among the following roles played by species and give one example of each: native species, nonnative species, indicator species, keystone species. b. Explain why these labels are important. 4. a. Distinguish among the following species interactions and give one example of each: interspecific competition, predation, and symbiosis. b. Distinguish between interference competition and exploitation competition. c. Summarize the competitive exclusion principle. 5. a. List two strategies that predators use to capture their prey. b. List at least five strategies that prey use to defend themselves against predators. 6. Distinguish among three forms of symbiotic relationships and give one example of each: parasitism, mutualism, commensalism. 7. a. Define succession. b. Distinguish between primary and secondary succession. c. List four categories of successional species and one example of each. d. List three factors that affect how succession occurs. 8. a. Summarize contributions of disturbances (such as fire) to your understanding of succession. b. Evaluate the intermediate disturbance hypothesis.