Download Microchips and Health Practices

MICROCHIPS IN
HEALTH PRACTICES
Mamduha Shujazada & Katelyn Smyth
Harmon, (2012)
• Drug Delivery Systems
• Tracking Hand-Hygiene
• Accessing Personal Medical History Immediately
General Drug Delivery
• Researchers are creating different microchips
• Designed to deliver doses for diseases like osteoporosis,
muscular sclerosis and diabetes
• Instructions can be preprogramed directly via radio
frequencies
• Attempting to be made out of biodegradable material
The Use of Microchannels as a Drug Delivery Method
• Sustained drug delivery by diffusion through micro channels
• Different length of channels used to
examine how long the drug would diffuse out
Lee et al. (2012).
• Succeeded in making doses last 0.5 days to 35 days
• High drug loading was a problem with extended dosing periods
• Large initial bursts of drugs could cause adverse reactions due to toxicity
Use for Osteoporosis Treatments
• Human Parathyroid Hormone (hPTH) osteoporosis
• In Vivo delivery for 8 postmenopausal women
• Bone marker increased bone formulation
• The women noted that it not affect quality of life
A Multi-Pulse Drug Delivery System
• Releases pulses of different drugs at different intervals, avoiding initial burst
• Biodegradable chip
• Releases 4 pulses dextran (Human Growth Hormone) through a membrane
dissolved by electricity
• The physical chip has a long disintegration time, which reduces the possibility
of dose dumping
Storing and Releasing Multiple Chemicals on Demand
• Use of Reservoirs to stores and release multiple chemicals on demand
• Can be released independently, reducing the total amount of drug used
and adverse side effects
• ‘Smart’ microchip detects level of drugs in the blood and when to discharge
more
Possible Side Effects
• Tissue reactions
• Movement of the implant
• Electromagnetic interference
• Electrical hazards
• Magnetic resonance imaging incompatibility
Use of Microchips in Hand-Hygiene Tracking
• the nGage automated hand-hygiene-monitoring system from Proventix, in
Birmingham, Alabama
• Compulsory hospital RFID devices employees are tracked on the job
Swedberg (2008)
• Helps Prevent health-care associated infections
• The Guthrie Robert Packer Hospital facility in Sayre, Pennsylvania
• Management to knows who follows hospitals hand hygiene policies
Patient Medical Histories
• VeriChip of Delray Beach, Fl., is offering RFID patient health records
• Implanted in arm, with the transponder's unique 16-digit ID number a
database containing that individual's medical records and, a living will
• 900 hospitals can read a patient’s VeriChip RFID transponder
• The RFID microchip is expected to become a standard in hospitals
• Unregulated privacy of health information, which corporations could easily
access
• The Massachusetts Institute of Technology describes this as location threat
where corporations can be monitor workers and patients
• RFID chips may eradicate drug counterfeiting and emergency room lines
• Hospitals to compete for patient administration
• Competitive marketing threats gain access to patient preferences
There are several benefits and
problems with microchipping,
outlined in this slide
Benefits
Drug Delivery Microchip
Systems
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The benefits of microchipping in Drug
Delivery Systems, Hand-Hygiene
Tracking, and Access to Patient
Medical History will at least ensure the
further research of microchip
implantation of humans.
Hand Hygiene Tracking
Systems

Patient Medical History
Access
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Problems
Helps people stay on track for drug
dosing
Doctors can preprogram or send
instructions
Ease of administration for diseases with
multiple injections
Possibility of future ‘smart’ chips that will
deliver the drug when low levels
detected
Biodegradable therefore no invasive
surgery to remove chip

Helps prevent the spread of Hospital
Acquired Infections
Prevents Cross-Contamination

Possible invasion of privacy for
Health Care workers by
tracking their movements
If unconscious, confused etc. easy
access of important information
Information available in case of
emergency
Always have access to complete and
accurate information

Lack of privacy as information
could possibly be hacked
Location of employees or
patients could be tracked
without consent or knowledge
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Possible adverse tissue
reaction
Possible migration of
implanted transponder
Possible electromagnetic
interference
Possible MRI incompatibility
Initial burst of drug and then
rapid decrease released
Cost-effectiveness of
manufacturing
Appropriate biodegradable
materials