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Plate Tectonics - Name______________________ as they relate to earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain formation. Event Earthquake Definition Shaking/vibration of earth’s crust due to rough movement between 2 tectonic plates. 3 classes of earthquakes: Shallow, intermediate, deep Tectonic Terms Stress built up as 2 plates shear against each other. Energy released from plates In seismic waves. Focus-is the origin where the shearing first occurs. Epicenter-ground level location above focus. Human Impact/Technology Volcano Formed when 2 plates collide, and one subducts, or goes under the other. Plates diverge as magma forces up between 2 plates in ocean crust. Also found in areas called “hot spots” around Hawaii, where there is significant amounts of underwater Magma. Volcanoes can exist both in oceanic and continental crust. 3 different types of volcanoes- Volcanoes “erupt” when pressure needs to be released from the earth’s interior as a result of plate movement activity. Magma from beneath the ocean floor or deep within the earth’s interior forces itself upwards, or vertically to release the pressure through an opening, either on sea or on land. Vulcanism- mvmt. of Dense populations often suffer more casualties. Access to technologies-early warning systems and emergency response systems are important factors for those living along Mid Atlantic Ridge. Seismometer- detects vibrations caused by earthquakes. Vibrations recorded and charted on a Seismograph. Richter Scale- number scale ranging between 0-10, which measures an earthquake’s magnitude and intensity. 80-90% of volcanic eruptions happen near diverging plate boundaries.(plates spreading apart). Volcanoes more active near major plate boundaries. Seismometer-can be used to detect tremors in the earth, as tremors precede volcanic eruptions. Gravimeter- instrument to measure difference in gravity from one area to another. Shield, composite, and cinder cone. Mountains Most are formed when two continental plates converge and mass is thrust upward as one plate folds under the other. These are called fold mountains. Two oceanic plates can converge, and when the denser plate subducts, the lighter plate moves vertically and can form volcanic island mountains. Other types of mountains are Dome, fault block, and plateau. molten rock or lava above or beneath the earth’s crust. When magma hits the surface it is referred to as “lava.” Poisonous gases and debris are also released in addition lava. Mountains are visible as a deformation resulting from plate tectonic activity, both on sea and on land. Mountain formations on land can take millions of years versus a much shorter time frame for other mountain formations.(eg volcanic mountains formed from lava). Mountain ranges are constantly being degraded by processes in weathering and erosion. This happens through a much shorter period of time. Used in flow of lava. Landsat- satellite that uses infrared sensors in detection of temperature changes in earth. Also monitors levels of sulfur dioxide and other gases released from the ground in higher amounts prior to volcanic eruptions. Large mountains can create varying climates on either side of mountain. Mountains provide recreational activities like hiking, skiing, camping, photography, etc. Maintain water sources longer as compared to lower elevations.