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Transcript
Forensic Anthropology Forensic Sciences/ Forensic Anthropology • is a branch of applied physical anthropology concerned with iden4fica4on of human remains in a legal context (Reichs, 1986). • is the applica4on of knowledge and techniques of human skeletal biology to modern medical-‐legal problems (Ubelaker & Scammell, 1992) • is one of several applied fields of scien4fic inquiry that assist law enforcement agencies (e.g., FBI) and the medicolegal profession in criminal inves4ga4on. • Forensic Sciences study and apply science for the purpose of law. • Forensic anthropology one of several forensic sciences 2 1 Forensic Anthropologists Forensic Sciences • Analysis of skeletal, badly decomposed, or otherwise unidentified human remains in legal/humanitarian contexts • Application of techniques developed in physical anthropology to analyze human remains, and to aid in the detection of crime • Locating and recovering human skeletal remains • Determine the age, sex, ancestry, stature, and unique identifying features of a decedent • Collaborate with forensic pathologists, odontologists, and homicide investigators to identify a decedent, document trauma to the skeleton, and/or estimate the postmortem interval 3 Criminalis<cs Digital & Mul<media Sciences Engineering Sciences General Jurisprudence Odontology Pathology/Biology Physical Anthropology Psychiatry & Behavioral Science Ques<oned Documents Toxicology 4 1 Forensic Anthropology: Analysis of Human Skeletal Remains Agencies • Posi<ve iden<fica<on • Detec<on of evidence of foul play • Adop<on cases (or unknown parentage) • People depicted in photographs • Paternity cases • Bodily injury/liability cases 5 Special Occasions 6 Other Mummified Remains Burned Remains Plane Crash Site Earthquake/Survivor Search 7 8 2 Missing Persons Professional Organiza<ons • American Academy of Forensic Sciences in 1972 • Physical Anthropology Sec<on (AAFS) • American Board of Forensic Anthropology (ABFA) 9 Search & Recovery 10 Human vs. Non-‐human 11 12 3 Commingling Age Determina<on 13 14 Ancestry Sex Determina<on 15 16 4 Stature Posi<ve Iden<fica<on Dental Records Sinus patterns 17 Superimposi<on/Overlays 18 Facial Reconstruc<on 19 20 5 Trauma Cause/Manner of Death • Cause of Death is the disease or injury responsible for death (e.g., gunshot wound, blunt force, trauma, stab wound etc.). • The Manner of Death is the fashion in which death occurred (e.g., homicide, suicide, natural accident). Gunshot Blunt force Sharp force 21 Time Since Death/Postmortem Interval 22 Expert Witness • Odor, vegeta<on, root penetra<on, so\ <ssue and bone <ssue preserva<on • Forensic Entomology • Adipocere or grave wax • Univ. of Tenn. Body Dona<on Program 23 24 6 Chain of Possession Adolph Luetgert Case (1897) • When and from whom remains were received by forensic anthropologist and what was done with them following examina<on. 25 • George Dorsey • Corpus delic4 26 Employment 27 7