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Fossils and Evolution Part II Guided Notes Relative dates give the time of an event with reference to another event that is not worldwide in scale. They tell us simply that one thing is __________ or _____________ than another Chronometric dates place events in their chronological position with reference to a universal ___________ scale such as a _______________. Index Fossils When the bones of our _____________ancestors are found in the same geological ______________ as those of other animals that are known to have lived only during a specific time period in the past, we assume that these ________________ must also have come from that time. Fluorine Analysis When ___________, ______________, or _____________ are found at a site, fluorine analysis can be used to tell us whether or not the animals they were from actually lived at about the same time. This relative dating method is based on the fact that there are specific progressive ______________ changes in skeletal remains that result from burial underground. Dendrochronology is one of the most reliable chronometric dating techniques is based on the fact that annual _______________ rings on shallow ______________ trees vary in width with the amount of water available each season and with temperature _______________ from winter to summer. Geomagnetic Reversal Time Scale is based on major periodic changes in the Earth's magnetic field. Datable materials include ____________ ___rock, fired _____________ pots, and other forms of clay or rock that have been exposed to _____________ temperatures. Radioactive Decay Certain ________________ occurring elements are radioactive, and they decay, or break down, at ______________ rates. Chemists measure the ___________________ of such elements, i.e., the time it takes for half of the _________________ parent element to break down to the stable daughter element. Sometimes, one isotope, or naturally occurring form, of an element decays into another, more stable form of the same element. By comparing the _________________ of parent to daughter element in a rock sample, and knowing the half-life, the age can be ____________________. Morphology is the ___________ of living organisms and the relationships between their ______________. Fossil is the _______________ (usually in sedimentary rock) of the presence of a plant or an animal from an earlier ________________ period. Phylogenetic trees are used to relate the _______________ development and ________________ of a species or group of organisms. Evolutionary equilibrium is a theory in evolutionary biology which proposes that once species appear in the fossil record they will become stable, showing ______________ evolutionary change for most of their geological history. This state is called stasis. Evolutionary gradualism is a model of evolution which theorizes that most speciation is slow, uniform and gradual. When evolution occurs in this mode, it is usually by the ______________transformation of a whole species into a new one Divergent speciation is the process by which a species ______________ into _________ or more descendant or different forms; also, the process of tracing two or more species back to a common ancestor. Phyletic speciation is the process of _______________ change in a _______________ population. In a paragraph and in your own words, write the reason(s) you think humans will or will not evolve further.