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Higher education reform: lessons from the Bologna Process Howard Davies SPHERE / EUA SPHERE conference Barcelona, December 12 2016 The Bologna reforms… vary in focus from country to country are subject to different distributions of legal competences and policy-making responsibilities have no fixed place in the priority list of national policy imperatives can prove problematic when it comes to implementation Readability … ‘a system of easily readable and comparable degrees’ (Bologna Declaration, 1999) a process of approximation an over-arching policy umbrella; mobility instruments; a timetable readability is now in place – but what is readable is not always correctly read Portugal after the financial crisis In 2012, the Portuguese ministry declared that: ‘a quantitative increase in higher education must be complemented by a rise in quality that makes it possible to match the offer to the existing needs via the rationalisation of the network of institutions and courses’ EUA in Portugal EUA was invited to: take stock of the implementation of the Bologna legislation map current issues: access to HE; student finance; demography; employability; research, innovation, regional development; governance and funding; the re-structuring of the HE system locate Portuguese HE in its European and international contexts meet relevant actors and stakeholders make recommendations Peer readability EUA team scrutinised Portugal - and its home territories at the same time: CH: insight into the differences between the Portuguese and Swiss binary systems ES: understanding of Portugal in its Iberian context ESU: opportunity to compare a country in which student associations are much stronger at institutional level with countries where they are strong at national level UK: witnessing Bologna implementation at close quarters Categories of readers Peer readers Readers who use Readers who monitor Readers who advise or adjudicate Peer readers who contribute to the construction of the EHEA: e.g. national qualifications frameworks Macedonia Readability and trust: the case of professional qualifications Council of European Dentists and the Association for Dental Education in Europe European Federation of Nurses Associations The Pharmine project The European Network of Heads of Schools of Architecture and the Architects Council of Europe [both nursing and architecture participated in the Tuning Project] The reform of a reform 2013: the French Community of Belgium’s Landscape Decree – Le Décret Paysage Revision of mission to boost readability and internationalisation Structural reform at system level From three ‘ideological’ academies to one coordinating academy Legal texts do not provide full readability SPHERE conference Barcelona First learning outcome: ‘To be able to analyse higher education policy reforms, considering examples from other systems’ Two days to practise readability… 1998 The Sorbonne Declaration: ‘The international recognition and attractive potential of our systems are directly related to their external and internal readabilities.’ Thank you for your attention [email protected]