Download Ссылка 2 Учебные материалы по практике перевода для

Ссылка 2
Учебные материалы по практике перевода для студентов
Педиатрического факультета
Использованная литература:
1. Методические разработки для практики чтения и устной речи на английском языке
по вопросам медицинских специальностей: тексты, упражнений, тесты,
ситуационные задачи. М., 2012 (МР)
Модуль 2
Text 2
YOU’VE COME A LONG WAY, BABY
Few areas of medicine have changed as dramatically as pediatrics. Just a
couple of generations ago, parents of young children worried about polio, measles,
rubella and whooping cough. Today’s concerns are different: asthma, antibiotics
and new vaccines. Here is a look at some of the new thinking that affects the health
of every child.
The immunization push: The most important thing parents can do is make
sure their children are properly vaccinated. But getting the right shots, in the right
sequence, at the right time isn’t always easy, because the immunization cookbook
keeps changing. Currently, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
recommends that, in the first 18 months of life, children receive 10 vaccines, some
in multiple doses, some in combination with others. Many are familiar: measles,
mumps, rubella, polio, diphtheria, tetanus and hepatitis. Among the newer vaccines
is Haemophilus influenzae b, known as "Hib," which immunizes against bacteria
that can cause several dangerous ailments, including meningitis; it was approved
for infants under 1 year of age only in 1990. And just last year, the Food and Drug
Administration approved a new toxoid against pertussis (whooping cough) that has
fewer side effects than the previous one. And new vaccines are on the way.
One of the more controversial immunizations is the two-year-old vaccine for
chickenpox. Some parents argue that because the disease is a normal and relatively
harmless affliction of childhood, their kids should be spared this particular needle.
But the AAP recommends the vaccine for all children between 12 and 18 months
who have not already had chickenpox. The disease is more severe if it occurs after
puberty, often turning into pneumonia. And at any age a poxy 1 child is trouble for
parents.
The age of asthma: The leading chronic illness among children is asthma.
The reason isn’t entirely clear. The cause may be environmental—air pollution,
tobacco smoke, allergens in poorly ventilated homes, even cockroach droppings—
or it may be that more kids are in day care, where they are exposed to other kids’
germs.
Asthma restricts breathing by clogging the airways; an attack can be treated
with inhalers that dilate the bronchial passages. Asthma cannot be prevented
entirely, but its effects can be diminished in several ways. Cleaning up children’s
surroundings—rugs vacuumed, bedding laundered— and the air they breathe (no
tobacco smoke) is an obvious step. As long as they manage the disease properly,
parents don’t have to treat asthmatic children like babies all their lives. People
should realize that asthma is common, and children don’t have to live sedentary
lives because of it.
Fighting crib death: Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), the dreaded
"crib death," kills about 3,000 babies a year, 95 percent in the first six months of
life. The cause of SIDS isn't known. Some kids have a slightly higher risk than
others. They include premature babies and those with breathing problems arising
from the way their brains regulate respiration. Researchers also think some crib
deaths may be caused by placing babies face down on blankets or other soft
bedding.
Several methods have been suggested for reducing the risk of SIDS. The
most promising is to lay babies on their sides or backs. The AAP began to
recommend that several years ago, and the number of crib deaths dropped 30
percent. Researchers also recommend breast-feeding, which helps fight respiratory
ailments and allergies. Parents also should keep their babies away from tobacco
smoke, which can clog breathing passages.
Heading off trouble: Doctors are more aware than ever of the need for
preventive measures. That’s partly because of the move to cost-conscious managed
care. But in addition to saving money, prevention produces healthier babies. The
best thing parents can do to ensure preventive care is to maintain a strong
relationship with a pediatrician. The AAP calls the ideal pediatric practice a
"medical home," a 24-hour-a-day service to which parents can comfortably turn,
by telephone if not in person, whenever they need help. The closer the relationship
parents have with a pediatrician, the more potential there is for children to stay
healthy.
Early diagnosis is one benefit. If hearing loss is detected in a child between
the ages of 4 and 6 months, the outcome is significantly improved. A dislocated
hip can be identified in a newborn and treated conservatively with a sling. But wait
until the child is walking, and he may need surgery. Without a primary physician,
parents of sick kids all too often end up in hospital emergency rooms. With all the
recent advances in medical science and those still to come, today's toddlers have
unequaled prospects for long-term health.
(Newsweek, Special Issue “Your Child”)
Notes to the text
1
poxy child - ребенок, который болеет ветряной оспой
Lead-in
Ex. 1
Read the title and the subtitles of the text and say if the text is about
 health hazards in childhood and their prevention
 the most common childhood illnesses
Ex.2
Read the text and say which statements are true and which are false
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Proper vaccination is recommended to ensure preventive care for children.
The immunization schedule is standard and never changed.
New vaccines are constantly being developed.
The causes of asthma in children are still not known.
Sudden infant death syndrome isn’t observed in the first six months of life.
Nowadays doctors clearly understand that preventive measures are essential
for raising healthy children.
7. The parents should take care of their children’s health in close relationship
with pediatrician.
Language Practice
Ex.3a) Scan the text and find the terms to match the definitions
1. A small amount of a drug that is put into the body using a syringe.
2. An infectious disease that affects the central nervous system and causes
temporary or permanent paralysis.
3. A serious disease of the liver caused by infected food, infected blood or
fluids of the body.
4. A process of giving a person or an animal a substance that protects the body
from a disease.
5. The act of breathing.
6. A substance causing a medical condition that makes the body react badly or
feel ill/sick.
7. A doctor who studies and treats the diseases of children.
b) Point out the terms in (a) with Latin or Greek elements. Which of these
elements mean “inflammation”, “grey”, “breathing”, “cow”, “child”,
“liver”, “other, different”?
Ex. 4 Translate the italicized parts of the sentences into Russian.
1. Few areas of medicine have changed as dramatically as pediatrics.
2. But getting the right shots, in the right sequence, at the right time isn’t
always easy, because the immunization cookbook keeps changing.
3. And new vaccines are on the way.
4. … it may be that more kids are in day care, where they are exposed to other
kids’ germs.
5. As long as they manage the disease properly, parents don’t have to treat
asthmatic children like babies all their lives.
6. They include premature babies and those with breathing problems arising
from the way their brains regulate respiration.
7. Doctors are more aware than ever of the need for preventive measures.
8. The closer the relationship parents have with a pediatrician, the more
potential there is for children to stay healthy.
9. With all the recent advances in medical science and those still to come,
today's toddlers have unequaled prospects for long-term health.
10.That’s partly because of the move to cost-conscious managed care.
11.Some parents argue that because the disease is a normal and relatively
harmless affliction of childhood, their kids should be spared this particular
needle.
Ex.5 Find in the text the English for the Russian words and phrases. Use them
in the sentences of your own on the theme of the text.
4
Профилактические меры; тесный контакт с педиатром; круглосуточное
обслуживание; детское заболевание; в нужной последовательности;
побочные эффекты; вакцина; вызывать серьезные заболевания; после
подросткового возраста; основное хроническое заболевание; поражать детей
моложе…; препятствовать дыханию; закупоривать воздухоносные пути;
расширять бронхиальные проходы; держать заболевание под контролем;
недоношенные дети; регулировать дыхание; воздействие может быть
снижено; возникать из-за; в любом возрасте; оставаться здоровым; больные
дети; последние достижения медицинской науки; положить ребенка на
бок(спину); кормление грудью; корь; коклюш; краснуха; свинка;
полиомиелит; дифтерия; столбняк; ветряная оспа; гепатит.
Ex.6
Complete the sentences using the appropriate words from the list given
below. Translate the sentences into Russian.
To avoid most infectious diseases children must be properly …… .
Many parents believe chickenpox to be a harmless …… of childhood.
Germs can cause dangerous …… .
The new vaccine has fewer …… than the previous one.
This drug dilates ..… and alleviates the patient’s condition quickly.
Asthma is an incurable disease but it can be ……. .
The …… of Alzheimer’s disease isn’t entirely clear.
The part of the brain that is responsible for …… was damaged and that lead
to breathing problems.
9. A new method to …… of complications after the operations on the heart has
been suggested recently.
10.Children who get the right …… are less susceptible to infectious diseases.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
shots in the right sequence, respiration, ailments, bronchial passages,
vaccinated, affliction, side effects, reduce the risk, cause, managed.
Follow-Up
Ex.7
Go back to the text and answer the questions.
1. Why does the immunization programme play an important role in children’s
health?
2. What routine vaccination do children receive nowadays?
3. What new vaccines have been developed lately?
4. What is the advantage of the new vaccine against whooping cough?
5. Why is the vaccine against chickenpox considered to be one of the more
controversial immunizations?
6. What factors may cause asthma?
7. How can asthma effects be diminished?
8. What infants have a higher risk to die from SIDS?
How can SIDS be prevented?
9. Why are pediatricians deeply concerned about prevention of different
childhood diseases nowadays?
Ex.8
Choose the information from the text to match the headings.
1. The immunization push: standard acknowledged vaccination schedule-new
vaccines.
2. Asthma: causes-etiology-managing patients with asthma.
3. SIDS: causes-methods to reduce the risk.
Ex.9 Discuss the questions.
1. What are pros and cons of vaccination?
2. Why is close relationship with pediatrician very important in caring for
children?