Download 三民高中英文第二冊第五課The Trojan War Reading Tip

三民高中英文第二冊第五課 The Trojan War
Reading Tip
故事性文章的結構主要有幾個部分：
1. 開始(beginning)，或稱 exposition，用來說明主要角色與背景。
2. 發展(development)，即文章的 body，包含：
(1) rising action──即一個或多個角色陷入衝突或危機。
(2) climax──即高潮點(high point)或轉折點(turning point)。
(3) falling action──角色如何解決衝突或危機。
3. 收尾(resolution)──即故事的結局。特洛伊戰爭
A. 字詞補充
1. break out
(火災)突然發生
‧The forest fire broke out at night.
2. put out 熄滅，滅火
‧ It took the firefighters several hours to put out the fire.
3. (I) civil war 內戰
nuclear war 核子戰爭
world war 世界大戰
(II) win/lose a war 贏得/輸掉戰爭
(III) be at war 處於戰爭狀態
‧They had been at war for 10 years, and there was no sign of peace.
(IV) go to war 開戰
We hope that they won't go to war.
(V) declare war (on) (向…)宣戰
‧‧
Congress has the power to declare war.
(VI) fight to the death/finish 戰到最後
‧The soldiers were ready to fight to the death and would never 4. surrender.
fight back 反擊
‧Women should know how to fight back and protect themselves when being attacked.
fight off 擊退
‧ ‧The man managed to fight off a big shark with his bare hands.
5. beauty contest 選美比賽
beauty parlor
6.(I) at one's heels 緊隨著某人
美容院 Sleeping Beauty 睡美人
(II) bring sb. to heel 使某人就範
(III)drag one's heels 不情願(做…)
(IV) take to one's heels 拔腿逃跑
‧ (V) high-heeled/low-heeled/flat-heeled shoes 高跟鞋/低跟鞋/平底鞋
7. do more harm than good 弊多於利
‧ ‧Excessive exercise can often do more harm than good.
8. (I) peace-loving 愛好和平的
(II) peace talks 和平談判
(III) peacemaker 調停者，和事佬
‧ (IV) make peace with sb. 與某人講和
9.(I) make/launch/mount/carry out an attack on 對…發動攻擊
‧Israel is prepared to make an attack on the nuclear sites in Iran.
(II) resist/repel an attack
抵抗攻擊
‧ ‧ The soldiers were trying to resist the attack from their enemy.
10. mythology：神話的集合名詞，如 Greek mythology 等。
myth：一篇或一則神話故事，如 The Trojan War、Pandora's Box 等。
fable：寓言，通常把動物等擬人化，用以警示或諷刺的故事，如 Aesop's Fables。
fairy tale：為孩童所寫的，內容包括魔法或精靈的童話故事，如 Cinderella
11. bring...down 尚有以下含意：
‧ The government is trying to bring down the unemployment rate.
(降低)
‧The people finally brought down the tyrant. (使垮台)
‧ ‧Two enemy fighters had been brought down. (擊落)
12. take over 尚有以下含意：
‧ Could you please take over the painting while I walk the dog?
(接手)
‧ When Mr. Geller retired, his son took over his company. (接管)
‧Robots have taken over from workers in that factory. (取代)
13. turn to 尚有以下含意：
‧ Now let's turn to cleaning the room. (著手)
‧ Please turn to page 18. (翻到)
14. asleep adj. 睡著的 (反義詞：awake)
‧The baby was fast/sound asleep. (酣睡)
‧The student was half asleep in class.(半睡半醒)
sleepy adj. 想睡的，昏昏欲睡的
‧I always feel sleepy after lunch.
B. 文法補充
關係代名詞的限定用法與非限定用法之比較如下表：
限定用法
非限定用法
用以修飾並限定先行詞，使該詞的含意更具
體、明確。
對意義已經明確的先行詞作補充說明。
關係代名詞之前不加逗點。
關係代名詞之前須加逗點。
關係代名詞 that 可用於限定用法。
關係代名詞 that 不可用於非限定用法。
關係代名詞為受格時可省略。
關係代名詞當受格時不可省略。
此類子句不能省略，否則句子的意義便不完整。 若省略此類子句，主句的意義仍然完整。
C. 希臘女神補充資料(from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)
Athena
In Greek mythology, Athena (Attic: Ἀθηνᾶ, Athēnâ, or Ἀθήνη, Athḗnē; Doric: Ἀσάνα,
Asána; Latin: Minerva) is the shrewd companion of Heroes and the Goddess of Heroic endeavour. She
would also come to be known as the goddess of wisdom as philosophy became applied to cult in the
later fifth century.[1] She remained the patroness of weaving especially and other crafts (Athena Ergane)
[2]
and the more disciplined side of war, where she led the battle (Athena Promachos) . Athena's wisdom
also includes the cunning intelligence (metis) of such figures as Odysseus.
She is attended by an owl, and is often accompanied by the goddess of victory, Nike, which in
established icons she offers upon her extended hand. Wearing a goatskin breastplate called the Aegis
given to her by her father, Zeus[3], she is often shown helmeted and with a shield bearing the Gorgon
Medusa's head, the gorgoneion, a votive gift of Perseus. Athena is an armed warrior goddess, and
appears in Greek mythology as a helper of many heroes, including Heracles, Jason, and Odysseus. In
classical myth she never had a consort or lover, and thus was often known as Athena Parthenos
("Athena the virgin"), hence her most famous temple, the Parthenon, on the Acropolis in Athens. In a
remnant of archaic myth, she was the mother of Erichthonius by the attempted rape by Hephaestus,
which failed.[4]
In her role as a protector of the city, Athena was worshiped throughout the Greek world as Athena
Polias ("Athena of the city"). She had a special relationship with Athens, as is shown by the
etymological connection of the names of the goddess and the city.[5]
Hera
In the Olympian pantheon of classical Greek Mythology, Hera, (Greek Ήρα, IPA pronunciation [ˈhi
ːrə]; or Here (Ήρη in Ionic and in Homer) was the wife and older sister of Zeus. Her chief
function was as goddess of marriage. Her equivalent in Roman mythology was Juno. The cow and
later the peacock were sacred to her.
Hera was born of Cronus and Rhea, and was abruptly swallowed after birth due to a prophesy that one
of Cronus's children will take over his throne. Zeus was spared and when he grew older he saved all of
his siblings, then banished Cronus, because the gods were immortal and could not be killed.
Portrayed as majestic and solemn, often enthroned and crowned with the polos, the high cylindrical
crown worn by several of the Great Goddesses, Hera may bear in her hand the pomegranate, emblem
of fertile blood and death and a substitute for the narcotic capsule of the opium poppy.[1] "Nevertheless,
there are memories of an earlier, aniconic representation, as a pillar in Argos and as a plank in
Samos".[2] Hera was well-known for her jealous and vengeful nature, most notably against Zeus's
paramours or their offspring, but also against other mortals who crossed her, such as Pelias or arguably
even Paris, who had offended her by choosing Aphrodite as the most beautiful of goddesses, and thus
earned Troy Hera's hatred.
"The name of Hera, the Queen of the gods, admits a variety of mutually exclusive etymologies; one
possibility is to connect it with hora, season, and to interpret it as ripe for marriage." So begins the
section on Hera in Walter Burkert, Greek Mythology[3] In a note he records other scholars' arguments
"for the meaning Mistress as a feminine to Heros, Master." Furthermore, A.J. van Windekens,[4] offers
"young cow, heifer", which is consonant with Hera's common epithet boopis, "cow-eyed". E-ra
appears in Mycenaean tablets
Aphrodite
Aphrodite (Greek: Ἀφροδίτη; Latin: Venus) (IPA: English: /ˌæfɹəˈdaɪti/, Ancient Greek:
/apʰɾo'di:tɛ:/, Modern Greek: /afɾo'ðiti/) is the classical Greek goddess of love, lust, and beauty. She
was also called Kypris and Cytherea after the two places which claimed her birth. Her Roman
equivalent is the goddess Venus. Myrtle, dove, sparrow, and swan are sacred to her.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For other uses, see Hera (disambiguation).
In the Olympian pantheon of classical Greek Mythology, Hera, (Greek Ήρα, IPA pronunciation [ˈhi
ːrə]; or Here (Ήρη in Ionic and in Homer) was the wife and older sister of Zeus. Her chief
function was as goddess of marriage. Her equivalent in Roman mythology was Juno. The cow and
later the peacock were sacred to her.
Hera was born of Cronus and Rhea, and was abruptly swallowed after birth due to a prophesy that one
of Cronus's children will take over his throne. Zeus was spared and when he grew older he saved all of
his siblings, then banished Cronus, because the gods were immortal and could not be killed.
Portrayed as majestic and solemn, often enthroned and crowned with the polos, the high cylindrical
crown worn by several of the Great Goddesses, Hera may bear in her hand the pomegranate, emblem
of fertile blood and death and a substitute for the narcotic capsule of the opium poppy.[1] "Nevertheless,
there are memories of an earlier, aniconic representation, as a pillar in Argos and as a plank in
Samos".[2] Hera was well-known for her jealous and vengeful nature, most notably against Zeus's
paramours or their offspring, but also against other mortals who crossed her, such as Pelias or arguably
even Paris, who had offended her by choosing Aphrodite as the most beautiful of goddesses, and thus
earned Troy Hera's hatred.
"The name of Hera, the Queen of the gods, admits a variety of mutually exclusive etymologies; one
possibility is to connect it with hora, season, and to interpret it as ripe for marriage." So begins the
section on Hera in Walter Burkert, Greek Mythology[3] In a note he records other scholars' arguments
"for the meaning Mistress as a feminine to Heros, Master." Furthermore, A.J. van Windekens,[4] offers
"young cow, heifer", which is consonant with Hera's common epithet boopis, "cow-eyed". E-ra
appears in Mycenaean tablets.