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Exploring Biological Anthropology: The Essentials, 3rd Edition CRAIG STANFORD JOHN S. ALLEN SUSAN C. ANTÓN Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 1 What is Biological Anthropology? Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Anthropology and Its Subfields Cultural Anthropology Archaeology Linguistic Anthropology Biological Anthropology Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Cultural Anthropology The study of human societies, especially in a cross-cultural context •Ethnology •Ethnography •Applied Anthropology Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Archaeology The study of the material culture of past peoples •Artifacts •Material Culture •Salvage Archaeology Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Linguistic Anthropology The study of language, its history and use; also called anthropological linguistics •Linguistic form •Linguistic function •Social Context Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Biological Anthropologist: Any scientist studying evolution as it relates to the human species Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The Scope of Biological Anthropology • • • • • • Paleoanthropology Skeletal Biology and Osteology Paleopathology and Bioarchaeology Forensic Anthropology Primatology Human Biology Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Paleoanthropology The study of the fossil record of ancestral humans and their primate kin Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Skeletal Biology and Human Osteology The study of the skeleton and the patterns and processes of human growth, physiology, and development Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Paleopathology and Bioarchaeology The study of the disease in ancient human populations Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Forensic Anthropology The study of human remains applied to a legal context Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Primatology The study of the non-human primates and their anatomy, genetics, behavior, and ecology Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Human Biology Deals with human growth and development, adaptation to environmental extremes, and human genetics Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The Roots of Modern Biological Anthropology •Fossil hominid discoveries •Darwin •Physical anthropology •Sherwood Washburn’s Synthesis •Field studies •New dating techniques •Multidisciplinary approach Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.