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After Philip II Died • But first there is a wee test on the information about Phillip’s murder. Follow Up Questions • Who was Pausanias of Orestis? • Who was Olympias jealous of and why? • Why did Attalus ask people to pray for “a legitimate heir”? • What year was Philip Murdered? • Give two events that might indicate Alexander’s involvement? • Who did Alexander blame for the murder of Philip? Events after the death of Philip II Alexander’s Rise to Power Alexander’s Accession • Alexander was 20 years old when he ascended to the throne • Alexander had an easy accession to the throne Philip’s tomb – Had support of Antipater and Parmenio • He was obvious choice to succeed Philip • To secure his position as King, he put to death anyone who threatened his right to inherit throne – Put to death his cousin, Amyntas – Put to death Attalus • Attalus appeared to be conspiring against Alexander • Promised Macedonian nobles that he would follow the principles of his father’s administration – Announced that Macedonian people exempt from taxation • Secured himself as leader of the Corinthian League The Corinthian League • During Philip’s rule he had extended Macedonian control over most of Greece • He established the League of Corinth were all Greek states were compelled to join submitting themselves to the military leadership of Philip. – Philip had the title of Hegemon (military leader) which gave him authority over foreign policy • All members of the league had to swear an oath of allegiance to Philip and the league. • Each state elected it’s own representative. • The league had judicial powers to try and punish offenders. • Aims of the league: – To punish Persia for invading Greece in 490 and 480 BC – Secure peace among the Greek States Alexander’s Accession As soon as the Greek states of Athens, Thebes, Aetolia and Sparta heard of Philip’s death they rebelled against Macedonia • The Greek states saw this as an opportunity to break free of Macedonian rule • Alexander began marching up and down Greece putting down the rebellions in North and South Southern States Rebellion • Alexander started with the rebellions in the South (Thessaly, Thebes, Athens, Sparta, Aetolia) • Alexander moved with such speed on southern tribes they had no time to act and were forced to submit to his rule. • Thessaly To get to the Greek states in the South, Alexander had to go through Thessaly. Thessaly was waiting to do battle but Alexander wanted to avoid a confrontation, so he bypassed the Thessaly army who were waiting at the Vale of Tempa by cutting a path over Mt Ossa. When Thessaly saw him marching into their city they surrended and welcomed him, acknowledging him as Archon (political leader). • Athens Sent out an embassy to welcome him apologising for not recognising him as their Hegemon earlier. • Most other Southern states gave up immediately to avoid confrontation with Alexander and his army. Northern Tribes Rebellion 335BC • After Alexander had stopped rebellions of the Southern states, he received news that the Northern tribes were rebelling. (Thrace, Illyria, Danube) • He marched North and attacked many barbarian tribes, suppressing the rebellions • Alexander fought some significant battles with the Northern tribes that demonstrated Alexander’s ability as a general. – Battle with Thrace The Thracian army had their wagons lined up at the top of a steep pass intending to push the wagons off the pass to crush Alexander and his army below. Alexander ordered his Army to lie down with their shields linked on top of them so that the wagons would roll straight over them without harming anyone. The plan worked perfectly and then Alexander’s army charged on the Thracians defeating them. • Alexander secured the North and conducted peace treaties with many of the tribes. Second rebellion of the Greek States (Spring 335 BC) • While fighting in the north, the new king of Persia, Darius III sent agents to Greece with gold to encourage Greeks to rebel against Macedonia. – Started rumor that Alexander had been killed • Alexander had to travel south yet again to suppress rebellions. • Theban Rebellion – Thebes decided it was a good time to rise against Macedonia. – Athens promised to support Thebes in rebellion – Athens and Sparta had excepted gold from Persians – Thebes invited political exiles back and the Theban assembly voted to ‘throw off the Macedonian yoke.’ – Alexander quickly marched to Thebes and camped outside. He offered amnesty for Thebes if they handed over the two rebel political leaders who started the revolt. – Thebes refused and invited anyone to join them and the King of Persia in ‘freeing Greece from the Tyrants.’ – Alexander attacked and overthrew Thebes. – 6000 Thebans were killed. Punishment of Thebes • Alexander treated the rebellion as a breach of the peace of the League of Corinth • He asked the council to decide on a punishment • Their decision was to raze (destroy) Thebes, divide up its territory and sell all Theban survivors as slaves (30.000 people in total) • Alexander knew that the league would deal with Thebes severely. • Alexander used Thebes to teach other Greek states a lesson • One after another the Greek states quickly apologised to Alexander submitting to his rule again • Alexander was now ready to prepare for his invasion of the Persian Empire in 334 BC.