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Name: ________________________ Date: __________________ Period: __________ NOVA: Hunting the Elements Part 1: Basic Chemistry Periodic Table of Elements Use the periodic table below to help you answer some questions covered in the documentary. Gold - Au 1. Write the number of subatomic particles in gold: a. Protons: 79 b. Neutrons: 118 c. Electrons: 79 2. Give one property of gold. shiny, malleable (soft), high density, electrically conductive 3. How much gold is in one ton of the mined rock? 1 ounce 4. How much is each truckload of ore worth, once the gold is extracted? $720,000 5. What determines how reactive an element is? ability to give up/take an electron (willingness to share electrons) 6. What are the nobel metals? ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, osmium, iridium, platinum, and gold 7. Why is gold so heavy? high density Copper - Cu 8. Write the number of subatomic particles in copper: a. Protons: 29 b. Neutrons: 35 c. Electrons: 29 9. List three uses of copper. Electronics, plumbing, wire 10. Give one property of copper. Conductive, Antibacterial The Alloy 11. What alloy does tin make when mixed with copper? Bronze (20% Tin, 80% Copper) 12. How are atoms arranged in pure metals? Orderly Rows & Columns 13. Why isn’t pure copper used for bells instead of bronze? Copper is too soft and dents easily. Bronze produces a longer lasting ring. Electron Microscope 14. How much would you have to zoom in on a map of the United States to replicate the power of an electron microscope? 100,000,000x (see a bug crawling in the grass) 15. Why is the microscope wrapped in acoustic blankets? to absorb & reflect sound waves 16. What part of the atom is actually visible under the microscope? the outermost boundary of the atom 17. What do protons determine about an element? determines the identity or type of element 18. What is the number of protons called? atomic number 19. Label the atomic number, symbol, and atomic mass of calcium below: <-------- Atomic Number <-------- Chemical Symbol <-------- Atomic Mass 20. Give an example of a real-life object made from each of the following elements: a. Calcium – Bone, Chalk, Milk b. Bismuth – Stomach Medicine c. Bromine – Soda 21. What is a family of elements? Group / Column in the Periodic Table (Related to the properties of the elements) 22. Where did the noble gases get their name? They don't combine or react with other elements 23. What do electrons determine? The element's Reactivity 24. How many electrons can fill each of the orbital levels in the diagram below? 18 8 2 Chlorine - Cl 25. Give the number of atomic particles in chlorine: a. Protons – 17 b. Neutrons – 18 c. Electrons – 17 26. Chlorine wants to ( take / give away ) one electron, becoming an ( ion / isotope ). 27. Why do alkali metals and halogens react so strongly with other elements? Alkali metals want to lose an electron Halogens want to gain an electron 28. What do sodium and chlorine make when combined? Table Salt (NaCl) 29. Compare the properties of each of the(Na) following: Sodium Chlorine (Cl) Sodium Chloride (NaCl) State of Matter Solid Gas Solid Reactive or Stable Reactive Reactive Stable Practical Use Sodium Compounds (Salt) Poisons (Disinfects Water) Table Salt Oxygen - O 30. What is ANFO? Fertilizer (ammonium nitrate) 31. What do each of the spikes on the ion chromatograph represent? The different elements present after the explosion 32. Label the components in this chemical reaction of the ANFO explosion. Carbon Water Oxygen C + NH4NO3 – H2O + N2 + O2 Ammonium Nitrate Nitrogen 33. What element powers the reaction of a buring candle and the formation of rust? Oxygen 34. Compare the speed and explosive force of gunpowder, emulsion-gel, and C4. Which is the fastest? Explain why. (Fastest) 1. C4 -- 2. Emulsion-Gel -- 3. Gunpowder (Slowest) C4 is the fastest because there are a high concentration of oxygen atoms located close to the other elements in the molecule, which allows them to combine very quickly and release large amounts of energy.