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ENCODE Snyder lab ChIA-PET protocol (3-1-16) Fixation: Cells were crosslinked with formaldehyde at a final concentration of 1% for 10 minutes at room temperature. The reaction was quenched with Glycine at a final concentration of 125mM and nuclear lysates were sonicated using a Branson 250 Sonifier (power setting 2, 100% duty cycle for 7 x 30-s intervals). ChIA-PET protocol: We followed the published protocol by (Heidari et al., 2014) with modifications as described in detail here. Briefly, cells were crosslinked and subjected to nuclear lysis followed by chromatin shearing. Immunoprecipitation was performed overnight at 4 °C with antibodies against the cohesin subunit Rad21. The antibody used for ChIA-PET is Abcam Anti-Rad21 antibody (ab992). The immuno-complexes were pulled down with Protein-G dynabeads (Lifetechnologies #10003D, New York). Biotinylated linkers were ligated to the enriched fragments, followed by proximity ligation overnight at 16 °C. Crosslinking was reversed at 65 °C with use of Proteinase K followed by DNA purification. DNA fragments were tagmented with Illumina nextera transposase. After Streptavidin pulldown fragments were amplified using PCR and subjected to Illumina sequencing.