Download Human Anatomy Lesson1

ACE’s Essentials of Exercise Science for Fitness
Professionals
Chapter 1: Human Anatomy
Lesson 1.1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• After completing this session, you will be able to:
 Discuss common anatomical, directional, regional,
and structural terms as they apply to the body
 Describe the function of the cardiovascular system
 Describe the function of the respiratory system
 Describe the function of the digestive system
 Describe the function of the skeletal system
 Explain structure and function of joints and the types
of movements performed at each joint in relationship
to the appropriate plane of motion
© 2014 ACE
ANATOMICAL POSITION
• Anatomical position is the reference
point for describing structures of the
body in relation to each other.
• Anatomical position refers to a person
standing erect with the head, eyes,
and palms facing forward.
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ANATOMICAL, DIRECTIONAL, AND REGIONAL TERMS
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ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY
• Knowing the meaning
of common root
words will help in
understanding the
structures and
terminology.
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STRUCTURAL LEVELS OF THE BODY
•
There are four structural levels of the
body: cells, tissues, organs, and
systems.
 Cells are the most basic structure and
combine to form tissue.
 Two or more tissues make up an
organ.
 Organs that function together make
up a system.
 The fitness professional must
understand the cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive, skeletal,
nervous, muscular, and endocrine
systems.
© 2014 ACE
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
• The cardiovascular system, also
called the circulatory system, is
composed of the heart, blood
vessels, and blood.
• Blood is the fluid component
that transports necessary
substances throughout the body.
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BLOOD FLOW THROUGH THE HEART
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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
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SKELETAL SYSTEM
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MOVEMENT OF THE SKELETON
• There are three main
types of joints:
 Fibrous joints
 Cartilaginous joints
 Synovial joints
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MOVEMENT IN THE SAGITTAL PLANE
• The sagittal plane runs anterior-posterior, dividing the
body into left and right sections.
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MOVEMENT IN THE FRONTAL PLANE
• The frontal plane runs laterally, dividing the body into
anterior and posterior sections.
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MOVEMENT IN THE TRANSVERSE PLANE
• The transverse plane runs horizontally, dividing the body
into superior and inferior sections.
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MULTIPLANAR MOVEMENT
• Circumduction and opposition are two specific actions
that occur in multiple planes.
 Circumduction: “cone” motion; combines flexion,
extension, abduction, and adduction in sequence
 Opposition: thumb movement specific to humans and
primates
© 2014 ACE
FUNDAMENTAL MOVEMENTS
© 2014 ACE
SUMMARY
• Anatomical position is the reference point for describing
structures of the body in relation to each other.
• Knowing the meaning of common root words will help in
understanding the structures and terminology.
• Understanding common anatomical, directional,
regional, and structural terms as they apply to the body
helps fitness professionals communicate effectively with
peers and other allied health professionals.
© 2014 ACE