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PROPOSED PHYSICS PROGRAMME AT THE PLANNED MedAustron FACILITY H. Leeb and G. Badurek Atomic Institute of the Austrian Universities H. Leeb Sept 7/8, 2007 Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete 1 The Project MedAustron Cancer is the 2nd important cause for death in Europe In Austria 36.000 new cases per year 18% of the primary tumors cannot be destroyed at the place of its origin although no metastases have been formed There is justified hope that most of these can be successfully destroyed by ion therapy surgery metastases MedAustron is an Austrian initiative for a facility for hadron therapy H. Leeb Sept 7/8, 2007 radiation therapy primary tumor 55% not healed surgery and radiation therapy chemotherapy 45% healed Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete 2 Characteristics of the Facility The design project foresees irradiations with a proton and a carbon-ion beam. The accelerator is not fixed yet, but the design parameters are: proton beam carbon-ion beam 120-400(800) MeV 120-400 MeV 1x1010s-1 4x108s-1 The beam spot is about 1-4 mm2 and allows to scan the tumor in size and depths. The latter is controlled via varying the energy of the beam. H. Leeb Sept 7/8, 2007 Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete 3 Non-clinical Programme Besides the use for cancer therapy, the accelerator facility will also serve for non-clinical research. The following research topics are envisaged at MedAustron 1. radiation biology 2. pre-clinical research 3. physics research •Particle & High energy physics (Test of Detectors) •Nuclear physics •Atomic physics •Materials science •Dosimetry (cosmic & terrestrial) •others … These non-clinical research activities will only take place during night time and holidays H. Leeb Sept 7/8, 2007 Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete 4 Current layout of the MedAustron Facility 120 – 800 MeV A B? 10 m H. Leeb Sept 7/8, 2007 Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete 5 Nuclear Physics Experiments Assessment of feasibility with MedAustron beam parameters N = f Ip σL0d M p incident flux N reactions/s f pulse frequency ( 1 Hz) Ip particles/pulse specific mass density M mol mass σ cross section L0 Loschmidt number d target thickness H. Leeb Sept 7/8, 2007 g cm-3 N = 6.0×105 σd A barn Protons m N = 2.4×104 σd A 12C-ions atomic mass number Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete 6 European Accelerators for Nuclear Physics The incident particle flux of most European accelerators dedicated for nuclear physics is 2-3 oders of magnitude higher than the expected flux at MedAutron ! Currently a further increase of flux of stable isotope ions by 2 orders of magnitude is under discussion ! H. Leeb Sept 7/8, 2007 Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete 7 Expected integral reaction rate d = 1 m 1% statistical accuracy A= 100 =10 g cm-3 p = 1010 s-1 (1H+) & 4×108 s-1 (12C6+) H. Leeb Sept 7/8, 2007 4250 s (71 min) 170 s Protons 12C-ions Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete 8 Typical setup for the measurment of angle-differential cross-sections width of detector entrance window w2 Count rate: C = N 16 D2 target-detector distance H. Leeb Sept 7/8, 2007 Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete 9 Assumption w = 10 mm D = 150 mm Ip = 1010 s-1 σ= 10-1 barn d = 0.1 m A = 100 = 10 g cm-3 Differential cross-section measurements C = 21 s-1 Measurement time for 1% accuracy 200 min 8 min Protons H. Leeb Sept 7/8, 2007 12C-ions Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete 10 Nuclear physics standard experiments are in principle feasible at MedAustron ! Systematic study of nuclear radii by elastic proton scattering ... H. Leeb Sept 7/8, 2007 Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete 11 Atomic Collision Processes with MedAustron Particle Beams A possible approach to attosecond-physics ? 400 MeV/u 12C6+: =1,4 → ~0,70 → v ~ 2,1×108 m/s Atomic collision range 1 nm = 10-9 m Collision time 5×10-18 s H. Leeb Sept 7/8, 2007 Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete 12 U75+ → Ar Arq+- recoil ions H. Leeb Sept 7/8, 2007 Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete Recoil-Rate 15,5 MeV/u (3x1011 p/s) Recoil-Energy/eV GSI-UNILAC 13 Electron yields at collisions of highly charged ions (HCI) with surfaces H. Leeb Sept 7/8, 2007 Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete 14 Materials Research with MedAustron E.g. irradiation of various materials (e.g. polymeres) with MeV Carbon ions to produce nano-capillaries random single ion ordered microprobe Possible applications: • Single nanopore membranes (biosensors) • Templates to produce free standing metal needles or carbon nanotubes etc. H. Leeb Sept 7/8, 2007 Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete 15 Heavy Ion Microprobe aperture slits ions beam switch object slits 50µm beam deflection magnetic lens target detector electronics + computer H. Leeb Sept 7/8, 2007 Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete 16 Cosmic Radiation Environment Simulating major aspects of galactic and solar radiation climate → 4He, 12C, 16O, 56Fe ion beams of a few hundred MeV/u Characterization of detector response to heavy charged particles → Dose verification and radiation transport models for interplanetary space exploration Improved dosimetric methodology for terrestrial applications → Aircrew dosimetry, medical dosimetry, H. Leeb Sept 7/8, 2007 Ionization density dependence of high-temperature ratio and relative thermoluminescent efficiency [Adapted from M. Hajek et al., Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 120, 446 (2006)] Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete 17 Solid-State Nanodosimetry Modelling of luminescence mechanisms → Charge state configuration after absorption of high-LET ionizing radiation Ionization density dependence of radiobiological endpoints (DNA strand breaks, apoptosis, …) → Pathways of bystander signal transduction between neighbouring cells Correlation of heavy ion-induced physical and radiobiological parameters → Quasi-biological nanodosimetry Competitor C C h C e C e R Hole trap h Electron trap R C Recombination centre C C Charge state configuration in TL phosphor after absorption of ionizing radiation [Adapted from Y. S. Horowitz et al., Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 119, 45 (2006)] H. Leeb Sept 7/8, 2007 Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete 18 Conclusions •MedAustron can become a homebase for preparation of experiments at international research facilities •MedAustron can provide a useful training ground for young scientists with up-to-date tools •MedAustron may serve for exploration and testing of new ideas and methods •MedAustron may serve to run routine experiments yielding important data in fields in which no beam time at dedicated large research facilities can be allocated. H. Leeb Sept 7/8, 2007 Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete 19 For a viable longlasting development formal cooperation agreements with partner laboratories are essential ! H. Leeb Sept 7/8, 2007 Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete 20