Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Erica Duke 6th Grade Social Studies Unit/ Time Frame Program of Studies Core Content 4.1 Student Learning Targets (I Can…) Geography Review/ Review of U.S. & Canada 2-7 weeks SS-6-G-U-1 SS-06-4.1.1 Students will use a variety of geographic tools (maps, photographs, charts, graphs, databases, satellite images) to interpret patterns and locations on Earth’s surface in the present day. DOK 3 I can use physical maps & globes to locate landforms. Students will demonstrate an understanding of patterns on the Earth’s surface, using a variety of geographic tools (e.g., maps, globes, charts, graphs, satellite images): a) locate, in absolute and relative terms, landforms and bodies of water. b) Locate and interpret patterns on Earth’s surface (e.g., how different factors, such as rivers, mountains and plains affect where human activities are located) River systems, continents, lines of latitude, lines of longitude, equator, I can find locations on prime meridian, climate, natural a political map. resources, fossil fuel, scarcity, migration, I can give the latitude & longitude of an exact urbanization, population, physical location. characteristics, human characteristics, I can use absolute physical maps, location to find political maps, landforms, cities & thematic maps, bodies of water. culture, technology, ethic group, B.C., I can explain how A.D., democracy, longitude & latitude rights, monarchy, are used to find dictatorship, free locations. enterprise, industry I can explain relative location. I can locate landforms in relative terms. 14-15 Critical Vocabulary Resources Promethean Planet Web Resource List: http://www. pkwy.k12.m o.us/panda/c urriculum/so cmid6.htm Google Earth United Streaming Geography Alive Teacher’s Curriculum Institute 2006 People, Places, and Change Holt 2001 Erica Duke I can interpret information from charts, graphs & photos. Geography the World and Its People Glenco 2000 I can interpret & gather data from thematic maps. The World and Its People Glenco 2005 Jr. Achievement The following is the template that you need to use for each of the regions of the world as you teach them in the sequence at the end of this document. Middle America and South America 4 weeks SS-6-GC-S-1 Students will demonstrate an understanding (e.g., speak, draw, write, projects, present) of the nature of government: a) describe different forms of government in the present day b) compare purposes and sources of power in the most common 14-15 SS-06-1.1.1 Students will compare purposes and sources of power in the most comm. n forms of government (monarchy, democracy, republic, dictatorship) in the present day. DOK 2 I can identify characteristics of different forms of government. I can compare different forms of government (monarchy, democracy, dictatorship, republic) Monarchy, democracy, republic, dictatorship, government, print & nonprint sources, primary & secondary sources Erica Duke forms of government (e.g., monarchy, democracy, republic, dictatorship) in the present day I can read and explain information from a variety of sources. I can compare rights and responsibilities. SS-6-GC-U-2 Students will understant that individual rights of people vary under different forms of government. I can explain how the Rights, responsibilities rights and responsibilities vary within different forms of government. SS-6-GC-S-2 Students will describe/give examples of similarities and differences between rights and responsibilities of individuals living in countries with different forms of government. SS-6-GC-S-3 Students will analyze information from a variety of print and non-print sources (e.g., books, documents, articles, observations, interviews) to investigate, explain and answer questions about different forms of government in the present day SS-6-GC-U-3 Students will understand that democratic 14-15 SS-06-1.1.2 Students will describe and give examples to I can identify the characteristics of Rights, voting, responsibilities, Erica Duke governments of the present day function to protect the rights, liberty and property of their citizens while promoting the common good. SS-6-GC-U-4 Students will understand that the United States does not exist in isolation; its democratic form of government has played and continues to play a role in our interconnected society support how present day democratic governments function to preserve and protect the rights (e.g., voting), liberty and property of their citizens by making, enacting and enforcing appropriate rules and laws. DOK 3 democratic governments. SS-06-2.1.1 Students will explain how elements of I can list the elements Culture, elements of of culture (e.g., clothing, culture (Language, liberty, laws, rules, enacting & enforcing rules & laws I can explain how a democratic government makes and enforces rules and laws to protect the rights of its citizens. SS-6-GC-S-1 Students will demonstrate an understanding (e.g., speak, draw, write, projects, present) of the nature of government: c) explain how democratic governments of the present day function to preserve and protect the rights (e.g., voting), liberty, and property of their citizens by making, enacting and enforcing appropriate rules and laws SS-6-CS-U-1 Students will understand 14-15 Erica Duke that culture is a system of beliefs, knowledge, institutions, customs/traditions, languages and skills shared by a group of people. Through a society’s culture, individuals learn the relationships, structures, patterns and processes to be members of the society. culture (e.g., language, the arts, customs, beliefs, literature) define specific groups in the global world of the present day and may result in unique perspectives. DOK 2 religions, language, art, music, food, government, dance, etc.) SS-06-2.2.1 Students will compare I can list various social I can compare characteristics of various cultures. customs, music, dance, arts, food, clothing, religious beliefs, literature, etc.) perspectives I can explain how culture influences peoples’ perspectives. SS-6-CS-S-1 Students will demonstrate an understanding (e.g., speak, draw, write, sing, create) of the complexity of culture by exploring cultural elements (e.g., beliefs, customs/traditions, languages, skills, literature, the arts) of diverse groups and explaining how culture serves to define present day groups and may result in unique perspectives SS-6-CS-U-2 14-15 Social institutions, Erica Duke Students will understand that cultures develop social institutions (e.g. government, economy, education, religion, family) to structure society, influence behavior and respond to human needs. how cultures (present day) develop social institutions (family, religion, education, government, economy) to respond to human needs, structure society and influence behavior. institutions. SS-06-2.3.1 Students will explain how conflict and competition (e.g., political, economic, religious, ethnic) occur among individuals and groups in the present day. DOK 2 I can give examples of conflict and competition. I can explain what a social institution is. I can explain how social institutions meet human needs and influence behavior. family, religion, education, government, economy, ethnic groups, alliances, values, traditions SS-6-CS-S-2 Students will investigate social institutions (e.g., family, religion, education, government, economy) in relation to how they respond to human needs, structure society and influence behavior in the present day SS-6-CS-U-3 Students will understand that interactions among individuals and groups assume various forms (e.g., compromise, cooperation, conflict, competition) and are influenced by culture. 14-15 I can list possible causes of conflict and competition among groups of people. Conflict, competition, Ethnic groups, cultural change, trade, beliefs, treaty Erica Duke I can explain political causes of conflict. SS-6-CS-S-3 Students will explain how communications between groups can be influenced by cultural differences; explain how interactions (e.g., political, economic, religious, ethnic) can lead to conflict and competition among individuals and groups in the present day SS-06-2.3.2 Students will explain how compromise and cooperation are possible choices to resolve conflict among individuals and groups in the present day. DOK 2 I can explain economic causes of conflict. Compromise, Cooperation, conflict resolution, trade agreements I can give examples of ways to resolve conflict (compromise & cooperation) SS-6-CS-S-4 Students will describe conflicts between individuals or groups and explain how compromise and cooperation are possible choices to resolve conflict among individuals and groups in the United States and across regions of the world in the present day SS-6-CS-U-4 Students will understand that culture affects how people in a society behave in relation to groups and their environment. 14-15 SS-06-2.3.1 Students will explain how conflict and competition (e.g., political, economic, religious, ethnic) occur among individuals and I can explain religious causes of conflict. I can explain and give examples of ethnic conflict in the past and Political conflict, Economic competition Religious conflict Ethnic conflict Compromise Political change Erica Duke SS-6-CS-S-3 Students will explain how communications between groups can be influenced by cultural differences; explain how interactions (e.g., political, economic, religious, ethnic) can lead to conflict and competition among individuals and groups in the present day groups in the present day. DOK 2 SS-06-2.3.2 Students will explain how compromise and cooperation are possible choices to resolve conflict among individuals and groups in the present day. DOK 2 SS-6-CS-S-4 Students will describe conflicts between individuals or groups and explain how compromise and cooperation are possible choices to resolve conflict among individuals and groups in the United States and across regions of the world in the present day SS-6-CS-U-5 Students will understand that an appreciation of the diverse complexity of 14-15 SS-06-2.1.1 Students will explain how elements of culture (e.g., language, the arts, present day. Economic change Cultural change I can explain compromise. I can give examples of compromise in real life situations. I can explain cooperation. I can give examples of cooperation in the present day. I can give examples of modern day cultural conflicts. Culture, elements of culture (Language, customs, music, dance, arts, food, Erica Duke cultures is essential in our customs, beliefs, literature) define global society. SS-6-CS-S-5 Students will compare examples of cultural elements (e.g., language, the arts, customs/traditions, beliefs, skills and literature) of diverse groups in the present day, including non-western cultures within the United States, in current events/news using information from a variety of print and non-print sources (e.g., media, literature, interviews, observations, documentaries, artifacts) SS-6-E-U-1 Students will understand that the basic economic problem confronting individuals, societies and governments across present day geographic regions is scarcity: as a result of scarcity, economic choices and decisions must be made. 14-15 specific groups in the global world of the present day and may result in unique perspectives. DOK 2 SS-06-3.1.1 Students will explain and give examples of how scarcity requires individuals, groups and governments in the present day to make decisions about how productive resources (natural resources, human I can use the elements of cultural to compare ethnic groups from various regions. clothing, religious beliefs, literature, etc.) Perspectives Print & nonprint sources I can explain and give examples of scarcity. Scarcity, productive resources, natural resources, human resources, capital goods, limited resources, Supply & demand I can explain and give examples of productive resources (natural, human, capital resources) Erica Duke SS-6-E-S-1 Students will demonstrate an understanding of the nature of limited resources and scarcity, using a variety of print and non-print sources (e.g., news media, news magazines, textbook, Internet) to investigate present day economic problems within the U.S. and in world regions: resources capital goods) are used. DOK 2 I can explain how scarcity causes people to make decision about resources. SS-06-3.2.1 Students will compare present day economic systems (traditional, command, market, mixed). DOK 2 I can identify characteristics and give examples of a traditional economic system. a) explain how scarcity requires individuals, groups and governments to make decisions about the use of productive resources (e.g., natural resources, human resources and capital goods) SS-6-E-U-2 Students will understand that economic systems (e. g., traditional, command, market, mixed) and a variety of fundamental economic concepts (e. g., supply and demand, opportunity cost) affect individuals, societies and governments of the present day. 14-15 SS-06-3.3.1 Students will explain how in present day I can identify and give examples of command economic system. I can identify and give examples of market Economic systems (traditional, command, market, mixed) Supply & demand Goods & services scarcity Goods & services Supply & demand Erica Duke SS-6-E-S-1 Students will demonstrate an understanding of the nature of limited resources and scarcity, using a variety of print and non-print sources (e.g., news media, news magazines, textbook, Internet) to investigate present day economic problems within the U.S. and in world regions: market economies, the prices of goods and services are determined by supply and demand. DOK 2 I can identify and give examples of mixed economic system. I can define and give examples of supply and demand. I can explain how supply and demand influences the prices of goods and services. b) compare economic systems (e.g., traditional, command, market, mixed) c) explain how the prices of goods and services are determined by supply and demand in market economies 14-15 economic system. I can give examples of present day economic problems within the U.S. and around the world. SS-6-E-U-3 Students will understand that individuals, businesses and governments must make economic decisions about the use of resources in the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services. SS-06-3.4.1 Students will explain ways in which the basic economic questions about the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services are addressed in the present day. SS-6-E-S-3 SS-06-3.4.2 I can identify and give examples of production. Production, distribution, consumption I can identify and give Productivity examples of distribution. Goods & services Scarcity, tools I can identify and give examples of consumption. Erica Duke Students will investigate the production and distribution of goods and services in present day societies: a) describe how competition among buyers and sellers impacts the price of goods and services b) explain ways in which societies (within the U.S. and in world regions) address basic economic questions (e.g., how resources are used to produce goods and services, how regions increase productivity) about the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services SS-6-E-U-4 Students will understand that markets are institutional arrangements that enable buyers and sellers to exchange goods and services. SS-6-E-S-2 Students will demonstrate an understanding of markets by providing scenarios to illustrate how goods and services are exchanged; 14-15 Students will describe how new knowledge, technology/tools and specialization increase human productivity in the present day. I can identify and give examples of goods and services. SS-06-3.3.1 Students will explain how in present day market economies, the prices of goods and services are determined by supply and demand. DOK 2 I can explain how the prices of goods and services are determined by supply and demand. I can explain how regions use new DOK 2 knowledge and technology/ specialization to increase productivity. SS-06-3.3.2 Students will explain how money (unit of Technology Specialization Productivity Tractor, plow, combine, irrigation Market economies Goods & services Supply & demand I can compare bartering with the use of money. I can explain how the use of money makes it easier to trade, borrow, Market value Goods & services Barter/trade, invest Erica Duke explain how money can be used to express the market value of goods and services; describe the relationship between money and ease of trading, borrowing, investing and saving; analyze the connections between economic conditions and current events of the present day SS-6-E-U-5 Students will understand that our global economy provides for a level of interdependence among individuals, regions and nations of the present day. SS-6-E-S-3 Students will investigate the production and distribution of goods and services in present day societies: 14-15 account) can be used to express the market value of goods and services and how money makes it easier to trade, borrow, invest and save in the present day. invest, and save. Economy, buyers, sellers, impacts, European Union, competition, scarcity, market SS-06-3.3.3 Students will explain how competition among buyers and sellers impacts the price of goods and services in the present day. I can identify examples of competition among buyers and sellers. competition SS-06-3.4.3 Students will explain how international economic activities are interdependent in the present day. DOK 2 I can give examples of international economic activities (e.g., banking, investing, corporations) I can explain how competition among buyers and sellers effects the price of goods and services. I can explain how national economies are interdependent upon one another. Interdependence, international economic activities Global economy Fall of communism War, famine, tsunami, Hurricane Katrina Erica Duke c) analyze examples that demonstrate interdependence of international economic activities SS-6-G-S-1 Students will demonstrate an understanding of patterns on the Earth’s surface, using a variety of geographic tools (e.g., maps, globes, charts, graphs, satellite images); a) locate, in absolute and relative terms, landforms and bodies of water. b) Locate and interpret patterns on Earth’s surface (e.g., how different factors, such as rivers, mountains and plains affect where human activities are located) SS-6-G-U-2 Students will understand that patterns emerge as humans move, settle, and interact on Earth’s surface and can be identified by examining the location of physical and human characteristics, how 14-15 SS-06-4.1.2 Students will describe how different factors (e.g., rivers, mountains, plains) affect where human activities are located in the present day. SS-06-4.3.1 Students will describe patterns of human settlement in the present day and explain how these patterns are influenced by human I can explain how landforms such as rivers, mountains, and plains affect where human activities are located. Mountains, plains, plateau, valleys, rivers, hills, landforms, river systems, etc. I can describe patterns of human settlement. Physical characteristics, human characteristics, interdependence, cooperation, conflict I can identify basic human needs. I can explain how these Erica Duke they are arranged, and why they are in particular locations. Economic, political, cultural and social processes interact to shape patterns of human populations, interdependence, cooperation and conflict. SS-6-G-S-2 Students will investigate regions of the Earth’s surface using information from print and non-print sources (e.g., books, films, magazines, Internet, geographic tools): a) explain relationships between and among physical characteristics (e.g., mountains, bodies of water, valleys) of present day regions and how they are made distinctive by human characteristics (e.g., dams, roads, urban centers); describe advantages and disadvantages for human activities (e.g., exploration, migration, trade, settlement) that resulted b) describe patterns of human settlement in 14-15 needs. DOK 2 SS-06-4.3.2 Students will explain why and give examples of how human populations may change and/or migrate because of factors such as war, famine, disease, economic opportunity and technology in the present day. DOK 3 patterns of human settlement are influenced by human needs. I can describe migration. I can list factors that cause human populations to migrate. (war, famine, disease, economic opportunity, and technology) I can explain how these factors cause human populations to migrate. Migration, technology Erica Duke the present day; explain relationships between these patterns and human needs; analyze how factors (e.g., war famine, disease, economic opportunity, technology) impact human migration today. SS-6-G-U-3 Students will understand that regions help us to see Earth as an integrated system of places and features organized by such principles as landform types, political units, economic patterns and cultural groups. SS-6-G-S-3 Students will investigate interactions among human activities and the physical environment in the present day: c) explain cause and effect relationships between the natural resources of a place or region and its political, social, and economic development 14-15 SS-06-4.2.1 Students will describe how regions in the present day are made distinctive by human characteristics (e.g., dams, roads, urban centers) and physical characteristics (e.g., mountains, bodies of water, valleys) that create advantages and disadvantages for human activities (e.g., exploration, migration, trade, settlement, development). DOK 2 I can identify geographic regions of the world. (e.g., Southwest Asia, North America, Central America, South America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Russia, Eurasia, East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia, etc.) I can identify and give examples of physical characteristics (ex: mountains, rivers, plains, etc) I can explain how regions are changed by Human characteristics, physical characteristics, migration, trade/barter Urban, rural, population, density, growth, distribution, cities, regions, traditions, values, ethnic groups, immigration, architecture, industry, land utilization, trade, consumption, natural resources, places, Erica Duke human characteristics (ex. dams, roads, urban centers, etc.). SS-06-4.4.3 Students will explain how the natural resources of a place or region impact its political, social and economic development in the present day. SS-06-4.4.4 Students will explain how individual and group perspectives impact the use of natural resources (e.g., urban development, recycling) in the present day. I can explain how physical characteristics limit or promote human activities (e.g., exploration, trade, settlement, etc.) I can identify the natural resources of a region. I can explain how the natural resources of a region impact political, social, and economic development of that area. Natural resources Perspectives, urban development, recycling I can explain the term perspective. I can explain how individual and group perspectives impact the use of natural resources of a region. SS-6-G-U-4 Students will understand that 14-15 SS-06-4.2.1 Students will describe I can list advances in Human characteristics, Erica Duke people depend on, adapt to, or modify the environment to meet basic needs. Human actions modify the physical environment and in turn, the physical environment limits or promotes human activities in the present day. SS-6-G-S-2 Students will investigate regions of the Earth’s surface using information from print and non-print sources (e.g., books, films, magazines, Internet, geographic tools): c) evaluate how availability of technology, resources and knowledge causes places and regions in the present day to change; SS-6-G-S-3 Students will investigate interactions among human activities and the physical environment in the present day: a) 14-15 explain how people modify the physical environment (e.g., dams, roads, bridges) to meet their needs in how regions in the present day are made distinctive by human characteristics (e.g., dams, roads, urban centers) and physical characteristics (e.g., mountains, bodies of water, valleys) that create advantages and disadvantages for human activities (e.g., exploration, migration, trade, settlement, development). DOK 2 SS-06-4.2.2 Students will describe and give examples of how places and regions in the present day change over time as technologies, resources and knowledge become available. DOK 2 technology. I can explain how new technology assists humans in changing the physical environment. I can give examples of how regions have changed over time as new technology and knowledge has become available. I can list ways people modify the physical SS-06-4.4.1 environment (e.g., dams, Students will explain roads, bridges) to meet how technology in the their needs. present day assists human modification urban centers, physical characteristics Population density, growth, distribution, regions, traditions, values, ethnic groups, immigration, architecture, land use, utilization, trade, consumption, production Physical environment Urbanization, economics, computers, internet, migration, population growth Technology, irrigation Natural resources, natural disaster, natural barriers, exploration, settlement, Erica Duke different regions b) describe how the physical environment can promote or restrict human activities (e.g., exploration, migration, trade, settlement, development) in the present day (e.g., irrigation, clearing land, building roads) of the physical environment in regions. DOK 2 SS-06-4.4.2 Students will describe ways in which the physical environment (e.g., natural resources, physical geography, natural disasters) both promotes and limits human activities (e.g., exploration, migration, trade, settlement, development) in the present day. DOK 2 I can explain how people modify the physical environment to meet their needs. development SS-6-G-U-5 Students will understand that citizens in an interdependent global community change their environment through the use of land and other resources. Many of the important issues facing societies and nations involve the consequences of interactions between human and physical systems. SS-06-4.4.4 Students will explain how individual and group perspectives impact the use of natural resources (e.g., urban development, recycling) in the present day. I can recall current events from around the world. Natural resources, urban development, recycling, industrial, residential, recreational, farming SS-6-G-S-2 14-15 I can geographically locate where these current events take place. I can read and interpret geographic information about regions of the Erica Duke Students will investigate regions of the Earth’s surface using information from print and non-print sources (e.g., books, films, magazines, Internet, geographic tools): Earth. d) interpret current events in the world from a geographic perspective SS-6-G-S-3 Students will investigate interactions among human activities and the physical environment in the present day: d )describe how individual and group perspectives impact the use (e.g., urban development, recycling) of natural resources using current events. SS-6-HP-U-1 Students will understand that interactions among countries and people are complex because of cultural, political, economic, geographic and historical differences 14-15 SS-06-5.1.1 Students will use a variety of tools (e.g., primary and secondary sources) to describe and explain historical events and conditions and to analyze the perspectives of different I can give examples of primary sources of information. I can give examples of secondary sources of information. Primary sources, secondary sources, ethnic groups, perspectives, timelines, journals, gender, race, region, economic status, Erica Duke SS-6-HP-S-1 Students will demonstrate an understanding of the interpretative nature of history using a variety of tools and resources (e.g., primary and secondary sources, Internet, timelines, maps): a) investigate and chronologically describe (e.g., using timelines, charts, fictional and report writing, role playing) major events in present day regions of the world and draw inferences about their importance b) examine potential causes of recent historical events and show connections among causes and effects; use causeeffect relationships to identify patterns of historical change influenced by government, culture, economics and/or geography SS-6-HP-U-2 Students will understand that people and groups 14-15 individuals and groups (e.g., gender, race, region, ethnic group, age, economic status, religion, political group) in present day regions I can use both primary and secondary sources of information to explain major historical events in regions of the world. I can use a variety of tools to describe modern day conditions of regions of the world. I can analyze the perspectives of different groups in present day regions of the world. I can chronologically describe major historical events of regions of the world. I can identify causes of major historical events from regions of the world. I can use cause and effect relationships to identify change religion, political groups, political events, print & nonprint sources Erica Duke react and adapt to change over time in a variety of ways based on their needs, goals, and experiences. SS-6-HP-S-1 Students will demonstrate an understanding of the interpretative nature of history using a variety of tools and resources (e.g., primary and secondary sources, Internet, timelines, maps): c) analyze historical events, conditions and perspectives of different individuals and groups (e.g., by gender, race, region, ethnic group, age, economic status, religion, political group) in present day regions of the world) SS-6-HP-S-2 Students will analyze major historical events and people in present day regions of the 14-15 influenced by government, culture, economics, and geography in regions around the world. Erica Duke world using information from print and non-print sources (e.g., biographies, autobiographies, films, magazines, Internt) When studying the world regions, the sub domains of geography (including map skills), economics, government and civics, cultures and societies, and historical perspectives will be addressed for each region. Teachers may choose representative countries within each region to use in addressing core content. It is impossible to focus on every country within a region. Use teacher judgment in choosing countries that will fit all sub domain criteria. The sixth grade Social Studies content will be organized around the study of nine world regions: North America, Southwest Asia & North Africa, Western & Eastern Europe, Russia & Eurasia, Asia (South, East & Southeast Asia), Western & Central Africa, Eastern & Southern Africa, Australia & the Pacific Realm, Middle America & South America. In each region of the world the following content needs to be addressed: Economy, Cultures and Society, Government, and Historical Perspective. In order to ensure all students (transient and non-transient) are exposed to the same content, the world regions study will follow this timeline throughout the district: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 14-15 Geography, Economics, and Themes of Geography Review & North America (weeks 2-7) Middle America & South America (weeks 8-11) Western & Eastern Europe (weeks 12-15) Eastern and Western Asia (weeks 16 -20) Middle East Asia and North Africa (weeks 21-24) Western & Central Africa (weeks 25-28) Eastern & Southern Africa (weeks 29-32) Erica Duke 8. Australia & the Pacific Realm (weeks 33-35) Additional Social Studies Websites www.timeforkids.com www.weeklyreader.com www.worldalmanacforkids.com (Nations, Geography, Populations) www.harcourtschool.com/socialstudies/ www.kcee.org www.econedlink.org www.warren.kyschools.us/~lfrint/interactivesocst.html www.smithsonianeducation.org/students/ www.nationalgeographic.com/kids/ www.internet4classrooms.com/social.htm http://bensguide.gpo.gov http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/country_profiles/ -This is a significant source of continent/country resources. www.NASA.gov www.marcopolo-education.org/ www.ask.com www.searchopolis.com 14-15 Erica Duke 14-15