Download Section A

2
SULIT
6355/2
SULIT
6355/1
English for
Science and
Technology
Kertas 1
2006
1 jam 15 minit
SEKTOR SEKOLAH BERASRAMA PENUH
KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA
PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN SPM TAHUN 2006
ENGLISH FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Kertas 1
Satu jam 15 minit
JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU
Arahan
1. Kertas soalan ini mengandungi dua bahagian.
2. Jawab semua soalan.
3.
Tulis semua jawapan anda untuk Bahagian A dan B di kertas jawapan yang
disediakan.
Instructions
1. This question paper consists of two sections.
2. Answer all questions.
3. Write your answers for Section A and B on the answer sheet provided
For Examiner’s Use
Section
Marks
A
B
Total
6355/2
SULIT
SULIT
3
6355/2
Section A
[20 marks]
You are advised to spend about 30 minutes on this section.
Part 1
Read the following text and complete the graphic organiser below.
A person can survive only eight to ten days without water, whereas it takes weeks to die
from lack of food. Water circulates through our blood and lymphatic system, transporting
oxygen and nutrients to cells and removing waste through urine and sweat. Water also
maintains the natural balance between dissolved salts and water in cells. Our joints and
soft tissues depend on the cushioning effect that water provides. Although water has no
caloric value and is not considered an energy source, it is vital in our diet to help digest
and absorb food.
The human body is made up of 65 percent water and an average of eight to ten cups is
needed to replenish our bodies each day. The amount of water a person needs depends
largely on the volume of urine and sweat lost daily. The need for water increases if a
person suffers from diarrhoea, vomitting or undergoes physical exercise. Water lost
should be replenished by drinking liquids that do not contain caffeine or alcohol; both of
which increase the output of urine and thus, dehydrate the body. Some types of food, are
also a good source of water. Fruits and vegetables consist of 80 to 95 percent water, while
meat is made up of 50 percent. In addition, grains such as oats and rice can contain as
much as 35 percent water.
[Lihat sebelah
6355/2
SULIT
4
SULIT
6355/2
Alternative sources:
1.
___________________
 Vegetables
 Meat
2. ___________________
Functions:
 Transports oxygen and
nutrients to cells.
3. _____________________
_____________________
4. _____________________
_____________________
Substances that
accelerate dehydration
WATER
5. _____________________
_____________________
 Prevents dehydration
 Replenishes the body with
fluid
 Maintains the natural
balance between
dissolved salts and water
in cells.
9.
___________________
10. ___________________
Factors that increase
intake requirement:
6. _____________________
_____________________
 Diarrhoea
7. _____________________
_____________________
8. _____________________
_____________________
6355/2
[Lihat sebelah
SULIT
SULIT
5
6355/2
Part 2
Read the following text and complete the graphic organiser below.
Medical researchers believe that stem cell technology has the potential to treat cancer,
spinal cord injuries and muscle damage. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide
and differentiate into other cell types. They have the ability to repair the body and
replenish other cells as long as the host organism is alive.
Embryonic Stem Cells are cultured cells obtained from the undifferentiated inner mass
cells of an early stage human embryo. Research with Embryonic Stem Cells derived from
humans is controversial because in order to start a stem cell lineage, the destruction of a
human embryo or cloning is required. Adult Stem Cells are undifferentiated cells found
among differentiated cells of a specific tissue. Cord Blood Stem Cells are derived from
the blood of the placenta or umbilical cord after birth. The cord blood is processed and
depleted of red blood cells before being stored in liquid nitrogen for later use.
When stem cells are collected from the same patient on which they will be used, the
treatment is called autologous and when collected from identical individuals such as
twins, it is referred to as syngeneic. However, if the stem cells are collected from another
donor, the treatment is called allogeneic.
Stem cells are also categorised by potency. Totipotent Stem Cells are produced from the
fusion of an egg and sperm cell. Cells produced by the first few divisions of the fertilised
egg are also totipotent. These cells can grow into any type of cell without exception.
Pluripotent Stem Cells are the descendants of Totipotent Stem Cells and can grow into
any cell type except Totipotent Stem Cells. Multipotent Stem Cells can produce only
cells of a closely related family of cells, for example, blood cells such as red blood cells,
white blood cells and platelets. Unipotent Stem Cells can produce only one type but have
the property of cell renewal which distinguishes them from non-stem cells.
[Lihat sebelah
6355/2
SULIT
6
SULIT
Functions
STEM
CELLS
6355/2
Treatments
Allogenic Treatment
10. _________________
Cells collected from
1.__________________
Replenish other cells
Autologuous Treatment
Origins
Adult Stem Cells
Cells collected from
2. __________________
Are undifferentiated
cells of
9. __________________
3. __________________
8. __________________
Cells collected from
identical individuals
Are undifferentiated mass
cells of an early stage
human embryo
4._____________
7. __________________
Totipotent Stem Cells
Are obtained from the
blood of the placenta or
umbilical cord
Grow into
5. __________________
6. __________________
Unipotent Stem Cells
Multipotent Stem Cells
Produce only one type
of cell
Produce cells of closely
related family of cells
Grow into any cell
except totipotent cells
[Lihat sebelah
6355/2
SULIT
7
SULIT
6355/2
Section B
[30 marks]
You are advised to spend about 45 minutes on this question.
Study the diagram and the notes below.
The Carbon Cycle
The three main processes or activities that are involved in the Carbon Cycle:



Human activities
- Combustion releases carbon dioxide
Mixed biogeochemical processes
- Decomposition of dead organisms
- Fossilisation of dead organisms
Biological processes
- Photosynthesis of plants
- Respiration of living things
You are a member of the school Nature Club. You have been assigned the task to write a
report on “The Carbon Cycle” for your club’s magazine.
Your report must include the following:
 Types of processes involved in the cycle
 Importance of the carbon cycle
 Any other relevant information.
Your report should be about 250 words.
6355/2
SULIT
SULIT
8
6355/2
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
6355/2
SULIT
SULIT
9
6355/2
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
6355/2
SULIT