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HEALTH
Body Systems
Name_______________________________
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
Function
Types of Muscles
Where are they found?
Voluntary or Involuntary?
Cardiac
Smooth
Skeletal
What is a tendon?
SKELETAL SYSTEM
Function
Term
Definition
Bone
Structural material of the skeletal system.
Periosteum
Thin sheet of outer tissue that covers bone.
Bone marrow
Cartilage
Ligament
Joint
Problems
Fractures
Osteoporosis
Scoliosis
Repetitive Motion Injury
HEALTH
NERVOUS SYSTEM
Function
Describe the…
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Spinal Cord
Autonomic
Brain
Somatic
 Cerebrum
 Cerebellum
 Brain Stem
The largest and most complex
part of the brain. Responsible
for thought, learning, and
memory.
The second largest part of the
brain. Its principle function is
to coordinate the movement of
skeletal muscles.
Connects the spinal cord to the
rest of the brain; Incoming
sensory impulses and outgoing
motor impulses pass through.
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Function
1. Digestion
Structure
Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Liver
Pancreas
2. Absorption
3. Elimination
Function
HEALTH
Name the process that moves food through the digestive tract.
Peristalis
HEALTH
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
Function
Layer
Includes
Outer layer of skin, includes melanin, surface dead cells, inner living cells and
lipids.
Thick layer of cells below the epidermis that contains sweat glands, sebaceous
glands, hair follicles, connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerve endings.
List three functions of the skin and the parts of the skin related to these functions.
1. waterproof shield – lipids in the epidermis
2. temperature regulation – sweat glands in the dermis
3. sense organ – never endings in the dermis
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Function
Gland
Regulates
Metabolism, body heat, and bone growth; lowers blood calcium levels.
Calcium and phosphorus balance.
Stress response; maintains blood pressure and metabolism of fats, proteins, and
carbohydrates; maintains salt and water balance.
Blood sugar levels.
Ovaries
Female reproductive glands that produce ova and estrogen.
Testes
Male reproductive glands that produce sperm and testosterone.
Produces hormones that control growth and activities of other endocrine glands.
Influences maturation of some immune system cells.
Describe the effects of the pancreas releasing too little insulin.
The result is high blood glucose levels, which can lead to diabetes mellitus.
HEALTH
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Function
Structure
Function
Epiglottis
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Diaphragm
Describe the “breathing process” that occurs during inhalation and exhalation.
During inhalation, oxygen is brought in as the diaphragm contracts and moves downward,
and the chest cavity gets larger. During exhalation, carbon dioxide is released as the
diaphragm relaxes and moves up, and the chest cavity gets smaller.
CARDIOVASCULAR/CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Function
Structure
Despcription
Transports blood toward the heart.
Collected by the right side of the heart.
Destination of blood pumped from the right ventricle.
The wall separating the right and left sides of the heart.
Valves
Prevents blood from flowing backward.
The two upper chambers of the heart.
Transports blood away from the heart.
Pericardium
A double-walled sac that encloses the heart.
The two lower chambers of the heart.
Pumped from the left ventricle to the body.
Describe the circulation process.
In the lungs, blood picks up oxygen from inhaled air and releases carbon dioxide. The
oxygenated blood enters the left atrium of the heart, is forced into the left ventricle, and
is then pumped to the body tissues. The blood delivers oxygen to the body tissues and picks
up carbon dioxide and other waste matter. Via the vena cava, the deoxygenated blood
enters the right atrium of the heart, is forced into the right ventricle and is then pumped
to the lungs.
HEALTH
IMMUNE/LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
Function
Describe three body parts that help the immune system.
Spleen
Bone Marrow
Lymphatic Vessels
and Lymph Nodes
How do antibodies fight disease?
White blood cells that are exposed to a bacterium or virus make antibodies (proteins) that
can attach only to that bacteria or virus. Antibodies stop pathogens from invading body
cells and keep them in the bloodstream. This gives white blood cells time to locate and
destroy pathogens.
URINARY/EXCRETORY SYSTEM
Function
Structure
Kidney
Ureter
Bladder
Urethra
Name the structures that filter blood in the kidneys.
Nephrons
Function