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Diabetes Mellitus PATIENT NAME __________________________ SOC _________________ INITIAL Diabetes mellitus. ______ ______ A. It is a syndrome in which insulin production is decreased or absent. ______ ______ B. Lack of insulin leads to elevated blood sugars. ______ ______ C. There are two classifications: ______ ______ 1. Insulin dependent diabetes. ______ ______ 2. Noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Signs and symptoms. ______ ______ A. Excessive thirst. ______ ______ B. Fatigue. ______ ______ C. Increased urination. ______ ______ D. Increased appetite. ______ ______ E. Slow healing wound. ______ ______ F. Itching. ______ ______ G. Changes in vision. ______ ______ H. Weight loss or gain. Measures important in management of diabetes mellitus. ______ ______ A. Follow prescribed diet. ______ ______ B. Monitor blood sugars ______ ______ C. See physician, dentist, and eye doctor regularly. ______ ______ D. Achieve and maintain ideal weight. ______ ______ E. Exercise regularly: ______ ______ 1. Stop immediately if any chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, or nausea occurs. ______ ______ 2. Carry a source of simple carbohydrates while exercising. ______ ______ 3. Never exercise alone. ______ ______ F. Wear a Medic Alert bracelet. ______ ______ G. Avoid nicotine. ______ ______ H. Treat any infections promptly. ______ ______ I. Weigh weekly. ______ ______ J. Carry sugar at all times. Measures important in foot care of the diabetic. ______ ______ A. Inspect feet daily. ______ ______ B. Report any foot problems to podiatrist or physician. ______ ______ C. Wash feet daily with warm soap and water, and pat dry, especially between the toes. ______ ______ D. Clip nails straight across and gently file with an emery board. ______ ______ E. Wear shoes that support and fit properly. ______ ______ F. Wear socks that are clean and fit properly. ______ ______ G. Avoid going barefooted. ______ ______ H. Avoid exposing feet to extreme temperature. 1 Diabetes Mellitus PATIENT NAME __________________________ SOC _________________ Signs and symptoms of high and low blood sugar. ______ ______ A. High blood sugar: ______ ______ 1. Frequent urination. ______ ______ 2. Excessive thirst. ______ ______ 3. Headache. ______ ______ 4. Weakness. ______ ______ 5. Fatigue. ______ ______ 6. Dizziness. ______ ______ 7. Dry, flushed skin. ______ ______ 8. Nausea. ______ ______ 9. Vomiting. ______ ______ 10. Abdominal cramps. ______ ______ B. Low blood sugar: ______ ______ 1. Fatigue. ______ ______ 2. Headache. ______ ______ 3. Drowsiness. ______ ______ 4. Tremors. ______ ______ 5. Pale, moist skin. ______ ______ 6. Hunger. ______ ______ 7. Impaired vision. Possible causes of high and low blood sugars. ______ ______ A. High blood sugar: ______ ______ 1. Excess food. ______ ______ 2. Insufficient insulin. ______ ______ 3. Lack of exercise. ______ ______ 4. Infection or fever. ______ ______ B. Low blood sugar: ______ ______ 1. Lack of food. ______ ______ 2. Excess insulin. ______ ______ 3. Unusual exercise. What to do if symptoms of high or low blood sugar occur. ______ ______ A. High blood sugar: ______ ______ 1. Go to the emergency room. ______ ______ B. Low blood sugar: ______ ______ 1. Eat some form of glucose or carbohydrate. ______ ______ 2. Go to emergency room if symptoms persist. ______ ______ 3. Glucogon injection (check expiration date). Management of diabetes during illnesses. ______ ______ A. Monitor blood sugars every four hours. ______ ______ B. Report results to physician for adjustment of insulin. ______ ______ C. Encourage fluids to maintain hydration. 2 Diabetes Mellitus PATIENT NAME __________________________ SOC _________________ Possible acute complications. ______ ______ A. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) results from extremely high blood sugar levels causing metabolic acidosis. ______ ______ B. Hyperglycemic nonketotic coma (HHNC) produces dehydration and blood sugar levels over 800. ______ ______ C. Low blood sugars. Possible chronic complications. ______ ______ A. Kidney or bladder disorders. ______ ______ B. Strokes. ______ ______ C. Heart disorders. ______ ______ D. Eye complications. ______ ______ E. Amputation of extremities. ______ ______ F. Diabetic neuropathy (loss of sensation in extremities). 3