Download Unit 3 – Biological Bases of Behavior

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
A. Spinal Cord
Column of nerves that takes data from the body, to
the brain
Protected by vertebra
B. Brain
Billions of neuron cells, grouped into separate parts.
THE BRAIN
1. Cerebrum
 Cortex—what’s wrinkled. The “crowning glory”
2. Hindbrain
3. Midbrain
4. Forebrain
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
A. Somatic Nervous System
Voluntary
Muscles, tendons, joints
Does psychology study the somatic n.s.?
B. Autonomic Nervous System
Heartbeat, hormone release, blinking (?), pupil
dilation, breathing, digestion, regulation of hunger,
thirst, levels of salt…
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
1. Sympathetic Branch—EXPENDS ENERGY
In sympathy with your needs
Runs bodily functions when you’re in FIGHT or FLIGHT
2. Parasympathetic Branch—MENDS ENERGY
Repairs bodily funcitons
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
DO FIRST
1. Stack your table’s homework in the middle of your table
2. Check your answers to the half-sheet yesterday. Be ready with your
questions! 1. a, 2. c, 3. d, 4. a, 5. b
3. On your UNIT CALENDAR, write your HW—Textbook readings, Unit 2
Folder due tomorrow
4. Answer the following questions at the top of your notes.
1. What’s the difference between afferent and efferent neurons?
2. What’s the different between sensory and motor neurons?
3. What are interneurons?
HOUSE-KEEPING
1. Unit calendar—Tutorials today! Quiz Friday! Reading HW!
2. Unit 2 folder—Red!
3. Teenage Brain article… Thoughts?
SPINAL REFLEXES
1. What’s the difference between
afferent and efferent neurons?
2. What’s the different between
sensory and motor neurons?
3. What are interneurons?
THE NEURON
DO FIRST
1. To review for your quiz, you have each been assigned to be a part
of a neuron. Using your notes, assemble yourselves as though your
human neuron is in it’s resting state/resting potential
Neuron #1
alan--chloride ion
itzel--dendrite/receptor site emmanuel--potassium ion
gabby--dendrite/receptor site zeke--potassium ion
rafael--dendrite/receptor site luis--sodium ion
nayeli—soma
jesus--terminal
victor--axon membrane
cristobal--terminal bulb
angela--axon membrane
whitney--terminal bulb
josh--chloride ion
jennifer--terminal bulb
selena--Na+/K+ pump
Neuron #2
christian--dendrite/receptor
site
jocelyn--dendrite/receptor
site
ENDORCINE SYSTEM
•
A bunch of glands, controlled by the hypothalamus
•
Glands secrete chemical messengers called hormones
•
neurotransmitters : hormones :: bullet trains : ________
•
neurotransmitters : hormones :: neurons : _________
•
neurotransmitters : hormones :: brain : _________
ENDOCRINE POWER STRUCTURE
•
Hypothalamus controls pituitary gland
•
Pituitary gland controls the rest of the glands
•
Create a metaphor!
PITUITARY GLAND
•
Regulates body growth
•
Lactation
•
Regulates body growth, by regulating thyroid
•
Messages the adrenal gland—FIGHT OR FLIGHT
•
Tells ovaries and testes to secrete sex hormones
PINEAL GLAND
•
secretes melatonin
THYROID GLAND
•
Thyroxin regulates metabolism
PANCREAS
•
Controls blood sugar by secreting insulin and glucagons
•
Too little? Diabetes
•
Too much? Hypoglycemia
GONADS
•
Ovaries and Testes
•
Secrete sex hormones that regulate sexual behavior
and reproduction
ADRENAL GLANDS
•
renal, latin for kidney
•
releases epinephrine and norepinephrine
•
Releases cortisol when body is under stress
• FUN FACT ABOUT WILL POWER!
NEURON QUIZ RETAKE
•
Students should have out a writing pen and a grading
pen, with their privacy folders up when the bell rings
Visual for Short Answer
The Brain—Mini-quiz
Corpus callosum
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pituitary
A. Amygdala
C. Reticular formation
D. Medulla
B. Hippocampus
Spinal cord
E. Cerebellum
Activation of this area would result in:
coordinated movement.
anger.
waking up from a nap.
a steady heartbeat.
the ability to remember what you
did 2 minutes ago.
Cerebral cortex
Corpus callosum
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pituitary
A. Amygdala
C. Reticular formation
D. Medulla
B. Hippocampus
Spinal cord
E. Cerebellum
Damage to this area would result in:
not breathing.
stumbling.
an inability to store new memories.
being unable to wake up.
an inability to feel fear.
Cerebral cortex
A. Corpus callosum
B. Thalamus
C. Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Amygdala
Reticular formation
Medulla
Hippocampus
D. Spinal cord
Cerebellum
Activation of this area would result in:
the maintenance of body temperature.
recalling old memories.
your brain being able to tell your legs to move.
the routing of visual signals to the occipital lobe.
communication between the two hemispheres
E. Cerebral cortex
A. Corpus callosum
B. Thalamus
C. Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Amygdala
Reticular formation
Medulla
Hippocampus
D. Spinal cord
Cerebellum
Damage to this area would result in:
a split brain.
inoperative reward centers.
your feet being unable to tell your brain you’re wearing socks.
an inability to send auditory signals to your temporal lobes.
an altered personality.
E. Cerebral cortex
• SWBAT differentiate the
primary functions of the right
and left hemispheres
• SWBAT classify targeted brain
abilities and relate them to
proper hemispheres
WHICH SEEMS HAPPIER?
WHICH SEEMS HAPPIER?
LATERALIZATION OF THE HEMISPHERES
Vision – Words, Letters
Hearing – Language
sounds
Memory – Verbal Memory
Language – Speech,
Grammar rules, Reading,
Writing, Arithmetic
Spatial Ability -
Vision – Geometric Patterns,
Emotional Expression
Hearing – Non-language
sounds, music
Memory – Non-Verbal
Memory
Language – Emotional tone
of speech
Spatial Ability – Geometry,
Sense of directions, Distance,
Mental Rotation of Shapes
The Brain’s Plasticity
“Can the brain reorganize itself?”
Functional Plasticity
Structural Plasticity
DO FIRST
Reflect on the following
question on your half sheet:
What are the
potential
consequences of
having the ability to
choose our genetics?
In The not so distant future…
•
Clip from GATTACA
IN THE NOT SO DISTANT FUTURE… TODAY.
Back it up… What?!
What is DNA again, and how exactly does it
determine our destiny?
• Before forming your own opinion on the topic, it’s
important to become an informed individual. In groups
of 2-3, using your textbook, answer the following
questions..
QUESTION 1
Adoptive parents are least likely to influence the ________
of their adopted children.
A. personality traits
B. religious beliefs
C. political attitudes
D. moral values
QUESTION 2
You and President Obama share __________ of your DNA.
A. very little
B. one fourth
C. half
D. nearly all
QUESTION 3
Little Bethany loves new faces and stimuli, and laughs easily.
People respond to her with playful smiles and tickles, which
makes her giggle and ask for more. This represents
___________ between genetic predispositions and
environments.
A. an interaction
B. natural selection
C. heritability
D. gender typing
QUESTION 4
Researchers found somewhat higher levels of
homosexuality among males who have:
A. older brothers.
B. more than one sister.
C. no siblings.
D. been raised by only their mother.
QUESTION 5
You are what you eat. This saying reflects perspectives
about human beings. Which of the following
perspectives does this saying reflect?
A. nature
B. nurture
C. both nature and nurture
D. neither nature nor nurture
QUESTION 6
All men are created equal. This saying reflects perspectives
about human beings. Which of the following
perspectives does this saying reflect?
A. nature
B. nurture
C. both nature and nurture
D. neither nature nor nurture
QUESTION 7
If weight were 50 percent heritable, it would be most accurate to
say that:
A. your weight is equally influenced by nature and by nurture.
B. your mother’s genes are responsible for half of your weight,
and your father’s genes explain the other half.
C. nature explains about half of the differences we observe
among people.
D. there is very little you can do to override the power of your
genes in influencing your weight.
HOMEWORK
• Submit answer to last question on the blog:
• http://yesprepappsychology.wordpress.com
• Take reading notes on pgs. 96-100 and complete
Exercise 3.4. Staple together to turn in on Thursday
• Work on study guide—Due Friday for review game
• Superhero project due Thursday—***Visual