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Objectives I. II. Describe at least ten different health careers by including a definition of the career, three duties, educational requirements and employment opportunities Interpret at least ten abbreviations used to identify health occupation workers Introduction 1. How many different Health related career exist? Careers in Health Care Dental Careers 1) Basic job duties a) Concerned with health of teeth and soft tissues of mouth b) Care Directed towards 1) Preventing dental disease 2) Repairing or replacing diseased or damaged teeth 3) Treating gums et other supporting structures of the teeth 2) Places of employment ? Dental Careers Dental Careers Specialty Areas • General Dentistry • Endodonics- treatment of disease of the pulp, nerve, blood vessels, et roots of the teeth (ex specializes in root canals) • Orthodontics • Oral Surgery Dental Careers Dental Specialities • Pedodontics- dental tx of children et adolescents • Periodonics- tx et prevention of disease of the gum and bone supporting the teeth, gum surgery • Prosthodontics- specializes in dentures (upper and lower dentures $500-$800) and partials Dental Careers Levels of workers Dentists 1) Wages- Annual $84,000- $200,000 2) Doctors of teeth 3) Examine teeth and mouth tissues 4) Prevent, Dx et Tx disease et abnormalities 5) Perform surgery on teeth, gums et tissues 6) Supervise work of other dental workers Dental Careers Dental Hygienist • Associate Degree Program 2 years • Accredited by American Dental Association * Prequisities- must take prior to enrolling Algebra, Anatomy, Chemistry, Microbiology, Physiology * General Education • OTC Associate Degree, Missouri Southern Associate, UMKC Bachelors Dental Careers Dental Hygienist • Program very competitive 15 students selected out of 150 applicants • Estimated cost of program $7,000, buy your own instruments • OTC Dental Clinic- Staffed by Dental Hygienist Students $25 full mouth cleaning and x-rays by Doctor • State Boards in Kansas City or Memphis written and practical exams. Student selects a patient to clean teeth Dental Careers Dental Hygienist Duties 1) Works under supervision of the dentist 2) Take Hx 3) Removes stains et deposits from teeth 4) Can provide care to gums 5) Expose et develop x-rays 6) Can apply sealants 7) Take vital signs 8) Can give unsupervised anesthesia 9) Helps pt develop et maintain good dental health 10) Wages- Annual $33,700- $69,000, Average 60,000 Hourly pay- $30.00 Dental Careers Dental Laboratory Technician 1) Makes et repairs a variety of dental appliances, such as dentures, crowns, bridges, et orthodontic appliances, according to the specifications of the dentist Dental Careers Dental assistants 1) Certified (9 months) or Associate of Arts Program (2 Year) 2.) * Accredited by American Dental Association • OTC in Springfield 1) Wages- Annual $15,600-$31,200 Hourly pay $13-$18 1) Works under supervision of a dentist Dental Careers • Dental Assistant Duties 1) Prepares patients for exams 2) Sterilizes et Passes instruments 3) Prepares dental materials 4) Make impressions of teeth (negative) 5) Apply sealants 6) Some may take et develop dental x-rays 7) Perform dental receptionist duties 8) Set up Anesthesia for Dentist 9) Teach preventative dental care 10)May work in lab construct dentures, partials, crowns Diagnostic Services 1. Basic job duties a) Perform test or evaluations b) Aid in detection, diagnoses, et tx of disease, injury or other physical conditions 2. Places of employment? 3. Types of workers a. Electrocardiograph (ECG or EKG) technician 1) Operates EKG machine, which record electrical impulses that originate in the heart, dx heart disease 2) Experienced technicians may do stress test, holter monitors, test usually involve computers Diagnostic Services a. Electrocardiograph Technician 3) Associate or bachelors degree would lead to Cardiovascular Technologist who assist with cardiac catherization and angioplasty, monitor pts during open heart surgery 4) Echocardiographers use ultrasound (high frequency sound waves) to dx heart conditions Diagnostic Services b. c. Electroencephalographic (EEG) Technologist 1) Operates EEG to record electrical activity of the brain 2) Physicians and neurologists use EEG to dx et evaluate disease et disorders of the brain such as brain tumors, stroke, epilepsy et sleep disorders Medical Laboratory Technologist-clinical laboratory technologist 1) Works under supervision of a pathologist 2) Determines presence/cause of disease by studying tissues, fluids, et cells of the body Diagnostic Services c. Medical Laboratory Technologist 1) Specialties a) Biochemistry- chemical analysis of body fluids b) Blood bank technology c) Cytotechnology- study of human body cells d) Hematology- study of blood cells e) Histology- study of human cells and tissue f) Microbiology- study of bacteria et microorganisms Diagnostic Services d. Medical Laboratory Technicians 1) Works under the supervision of the medical technologist or pathologist 2) Performs routine tests that do not require advanced knowledge 3) Education- Associate, Bachelors Degree 4) Wage- $19.17, annual $39,864 e. Medical Laboratory Assistants 1) Works under supervision of technologist, technician or pathologist 2) Performs basic lab tests 3) Prepares specimens for examining or testing 4) Cleans et maintains equipment Diagnostic Services f. g. Phlebotomist or venipuncture Radiologic Technologist 1) Works under supervision of a radiologist (Doctor) 2) Education- Associate, Bachelors 3) Wages- $16.58 hr, annual $34,492- $51,400 4) Works with x-rays, radiation, nuclear medicine, ultrasound, magnetic resonance to dx et tx disease 5) Equipment used is x-ray, ultrasound, computerized tomography (CT scanners) to produce body images 6) Radiographers- take x-rays of body for diagnosis Diagnostic Services g. Radiologic Technologist 5) Radiation Therapy Technologist – administers prescribed doses of radiation to tx disease (usually cancer) 6) Nuclear medicine technologist- prepare radioactive substances to administer to pts, et then use films, images on a screen, or body specimens such as blood or urine, to determine how substances pass through or localize in different parts of the body Diagnostic Services g. Radiologic Technologist 7) Ultrasound Technologist or Sonographers Use equipment to send sound waves into body and record images produced on screen when the sound waves bounce back. Used to examine fetus, brain, vascular (blood vessels et blood flow) and heart. 8) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Use superconductive magnets et radio waves to reveal information on the bodies anatomy: used to identify multiple sclerosis, hemorrhage of the brain Diagnostic Services 9) Biomedical Equipment Technicians (BETs) Install, test, service et repair equipment: patient monitors, kidney machines, incubators, respirators etc Emergency Medical Services 1. Basic Job Duties a) Emergency, prehospital care b) Provides care to victims of accident, injuries, et sudden illness 2. Places of Employment? 3. Level of Workers a. Emergency Medical Technician I. II. EMT-B- basic first aid care EMT-P- paramedic advanced life support, Administer electrical defibrillation to certain heart attack victims, Use intravenous equipment and insert esophageal airways -Paramedic wages $11.54 hr, annual $24, 011 Health Information and Communication Service 1. Basic job duties a) Maintain complete, accurate patient records b) Distribute health information through medical illustrators, photographers, medical librarians c) Research et maintain information d) Uses computers in almost all areas 2. Places of Employment Health Information and Communication Service 1. Types of Workers a) Medical Record Administrators- plan systems for storing et obtaining pt records. Prepares information for legal action, Complies stats for governmental agencies b) Medical record or health information technician Codes patients records, organizes by computer Unit Secretary or Ward Clerk- answers phone, schedules tests, order supplies for floor etc Hospital/Health Care Facility Services 1. Basic description- administration, business office, admitting office, central/sterile supply, and housekeeping 2. Places of employment? 3. Types of Workers a) LTC AdministratorsI. II. responsible for aspects of operation in the LTC facility. Including delivery of proper resident care. Manage personnel, determines budget, coordinates activates Hospital/Health Care Facility Services b. Admitting clerks- obtain admission information, assigns room, process information when pt is discharged c. Central/Sterile Supply Worker- Order, maintain, et supply all equipment et supplies used by other departments. Sterilizes equipment. Inventory et fills requisitions from departments d. Housekeeper Medical Careers 1. Basic Description a. Broad category includes physicians, other individuals in various health related careers supervised by the physician b. Involved with dx, tx, or prevention of disease et disorders of the human body 2. Places of Employment? Medical Careers 3. Levels of Workers a. Physicians 1) Doctor of Medicine (M.D): dx, tx or prevent disease or disorder 2) Doctor of Osteopathy (D.O)- emphasis on nervous, muscular, skeletal and the relationship between the body, mind et emotion while tx disease 3) Doctor of Podiatric Medicine (D.P.M.)- examine, dx, tx disorders of the feet or leg below the knee 4) Doctor of Chiropractic (D.C.)- concentrate on structure of the spine et nervous system to maintain health Medical Careers b. Physicians Assistant I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. c. Works under supervision of a physician Performs rt physical exams Do basic diagnostic tests Takes medical hx Make preliminary diagnosis Tx minor injuries Prescribes et administers appropriate tx Medical Assistants I. II. III. IV. V. VI. Prepares pt for exams Takes vs et medical hx Assists with basic procedures Performs basic lab tests Prepare, maintain equipment Sec duties Mental and Social Services 1. Basic Job duties a. Mental service workers deal with mental or emotional disorders or mental retardation b. Social workers help people with illness, employment or community problems 2. Places of Employment? Mental or Social Service 3. a) Levels of Workers Psychiatrists 1) Physician who specializes in dx et tx mental illness 2) Specialty includes child/adolescent, geriatric, drug/chemical abuse etc b) Psychologist 1) Study human behavior 2) Use knowledge to help indv deal with problems of everyday life 3) Specialties Mental or Social Service c. Psychiatric /Mental health Technician 1) Works under supervision of psychiatrist/psychologist 2) Work with pts et families to help them follow tx 3) Observe et report pts behavior d. Social Workers (sociologist, caseworkers, counselors) 1) Help pts make adjustments et changes in their lives 2) Refers pt to community resources 3) Specialties- child welfare, geriatrics, family, correctional (jail) et occupational social work Mortuary Careers 1. Basic job duties- Preparation of the body, performance of the funeral ceremony, cremation 2. Places of employment 3. Level of workers a) Funeral Directors/Morticians I. Interview family of deceased to establish details of the funeral ceremony II. Review arrangements the deceased person requested prior to death III. Prepare the body and information legally IV. Provide post death counseling Mortuary Careers 3. Levels of workers b. Embalmers I. II. III. IV. V. c. Wash body with germicidal soap Replace blood with embalming fluid Reshape et restructure disfigured bodies Apply makeup to create natural appearance, dress body Maintain embalming reports, itemized list of clothes et belongings Mortuary Assistants I. II. III. IV. Drive the hearse Arrange flowers for viewing Assist with preparation of ceremony Clean funeral home Nursing Careers • Currently 100,000 R.N. positions vacant in the U.S. • In 2020, there will be an estimated shortage of 800,000 nurses Nursing Careers 1. Basic duties a. Provide care for patient under direction of a physician b. Direct care holistically 2. Places of employment? 3. Wages $20.13 per hr, SWMO annual $41,880 4. Levels of workers a. Registered Nurses (R.N.) I. II. III. IV. V. Length of training 2-4 years Plans, assigns et evaluates nursing care Administers prescribed medications et tc Observation et reports patient condition Teaches health care I. Nursing Careers 3. Levels of Workers a. Specialty nursing positions I. Nurse Practioner (CRNP’s)- take health hx, performs basic physical exam, orders lab tests, refers pt to Dr., tx common illness, prescribe medication II. Nurse Midwives (CNMs)- provide care for normal pregnancies III. Nurse Educator- Teach H.O.E or school of nursing IV. Nurse Anesthetist- administers anesthesia, monitor pt during surgery, assist anesthesiologist I. Nursing Careers 3. Level of Workers b. Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN,LVN) I. II. III. IV. V. VI. Works under supervision of physician or R.N. Length of train 12-14 months Wages- $12.42, SWMO annual $25,841 Provides pt care that requires technical knowledge but not advanced education Must be IV certified to start IV. Cannot d IV push medications, may hand Iv bag medications I. Nursing Careers 3. Level of Workers c. Certified Medication Technician (CMT) I. II. III. d. Minimum length of training is 68 hours, exam CMT must be a C.N.A. prior to CMT training Duties- Prepare et administer medications, transcribe physicians orders, Observe et report effectiveness of medications Restorative Nursing Assistant I. II. III. Minimum length of training is 60 hrs, exam RNA must be a C.N.A. prior to training Duties- restorative procedures (ex feeding, ambulation, exercise), assist pt to be independent Nursing Careers 3. Level of workers e. Certified Nursing Assistant I. Length of training 75 hrs class, 100 hrs on job training/clinical II. Wages- $8.29 hr, SWMO annual $17,251 III. Must pass final exam for certification IV. C.N.A name is added to certified registry V. Family Safety Care Registry VI. Criminal Background Check VII. Employment Disqualification list VIII. Duties- provide et assist with ADL IX. Observe et report changes to charge nurse Nursing Careers 3. Levels of Workers e. Nursing Assistant Duties I. Works under supervision of R.N or L.P.N. II. Provides care bathing, feeding, elimination care, bed making III. Assist with transfer et ambulation IV. Specialties- Geriatric, Home Health Aides Nursing Careers 3. Level of Workers f. Surgical Technicians/Technologist I. Works under supervision of a physician or R.N. II. Prepares pt for surgery III. Sets up operating room withintruments, equipment, sterile supplies IV. Assist by passing instruments Nutrition and Dietary Services 1. Basic Job duties a. Use their knowledge of good nutrition to promote wellness et optimum health b. Provides dietary guidelines to treat various disease c. Teach proper nutrition d. Prepare foods for health care agencies 2. Places of Employment Nutrition and Dietary Services 3. Level of Workers a. Dieticians I. Approves menus; evaluates et counsels residents or pts with nutritional problems II. Teach proper nutrition et special diets III. Supervise b. Dietetic Technicians- supervised by dietician c. Dietetic Assistants or Food Service Workersprepares, serves food, washes dishes, keeps kitchen area clean Therapeutic Services 1. Basic Job description a. Uses a variety of treatments to help pts who are injured, physically or mentally disabled or emotionally disturbed b. Tx directed toward the pt to function at their maximum capacity 2. Places of employment? Therapeutic Services 3. Level of workers a. Occupational Therapist (OT) 1) 2) 3) Help people with physical, develop, or emotional disabilities to adjust with their disability Use activates to assist a person in learning activities or skills of daily living (ADL) adapting to job skills, or preparation for return to work *independence Therapeutic Service b. Occupational Therapy Assistant I. Work under guidance of OT II. Help pt carry out program of prescribed tx III. Direct pt in recreational activities, social act ivies c. Pharmacists i. Dispense medications on written orders form physicians, dentist et others ii. Provide information and administration information, recommend nonprescription Therapeutic Service d. Pharmacy Technician I. Help prepare medication for dispensing II. Label medications III. Prepare intravenous medications e. Physical Therapy (PT) I. Provide treatment for disabling disease et injury II. Use exercise, massage, et application of heat, cold, water, light, electricity, or ultrasound III. Teaching correct use of muscles Physical Therapist • Start with Bachelors in Science Field • Grad School for P.T soon to be Doctorate • Grad School 3-4 years • Staring Salary $56,000, $27 per hour • PT Schools in MO: Washington University in St. Louis (ranked #2 in country), MU, MSU Therapeutic Service f. Physical Therapist Assistant i. Work under the supervision of the P.T ii. Help carry out the prescribed tx iii. Administer application of heat, cold, water iv. Assist pt to ambulate with canes, crutches, braces v. Provide ultrasound or electrical stimulation tx Physical Therapy Assistants • Associate Degree, 2 years • Staring Salary $36,400-$58,240, $17.50-$28 per hour • PTA Programs OTC, Penn Valley (near KC), NEO (Miama OK) and Lynn State (neat St. Louis) Therapeutic Service g. Massage Therapist i. Work under supervision of physicians or physical therapist ii. Use massage, bodywork, therapeutic touch to muscles to provide pain relief iii. Relieve stress et tension h. Recreational Therapist (TR) I. Use recreational et leisure activities as a form of treatment to minimize pts symptoms et improve physical, emotional et mental well being Therapeutic Service i. Recreational Therapy Assistants I. Assist in carrying out activities planned by the Therapist j. Respiratory Therapist I. Work with physicians orders II. Education- Associate, Bachelors Degree III. Wages- $15.76 hr, annual $32,777 IV. Tx pts with heart et lung disease V. Administer oxygen, gases, or medications k. Respiratory Therapy Technicians I. II. Supervised by R.T Administers respiratory tx, cleans et maintains equipment Therapeutic Service l. Speech-Language Therapist I. Identify, evaluate et tx pts with speech et language disorders II. Help pt communicate correctly III. Teach pt to cope with speech impairment m. Audiologist I. Work with individuals who have hearing problem II. Test hearing, dx problems, prescribe tx, hearing aids, instruction in speech or lip reading Therapeutic Service n. Art, music, dance therapist I. Use art to help pts deal with social, physical or emotional problems II. Usually work with pts who are emotionally disturbed, mentally retarded, physical disabled o. Athletic Trainers I. Prevent et tx athletic injuries II. Provide rehabilitation p. Dialysis Technician I. Operate kidney dialysis machine Therapeutic Service q. Perfusionist i. Operate heart and lung machine Veterinary Careers 1. Basic Description a. Works with all types of animals b. Range from house pets to livestock, to wildlife 2. 3. Places of Employment? Levels of Workers a. Veterinarians (DVM, VMD) I. b. Prevent, dx, tx disease et injuries of animals Animal Technician (ATR) I. c. Assist with handling et care of animals Veterinarian Assistant I. Feed animals, prepare for ta, clean cages, assist with exams Vision Services 1. Basic job duties a. Provide care to prevent and tx vision disorders Vision Services 2. 3. Places of Employment Levels of Workers a. Ophthalmologist I. Medical doctor specializes in disease et disorders of the eye II. Dx, Tx perform surgery, et correct vision problems or defects b. Optometrists (OD) I. II. Examines eyes for vision problems et defects Prescribes corrective lens Vision Services c. Optometric Technician et Assistant I. Works under supervision of Ophthalmol;ogist or Optometrist II. Prepares pt for exams III. Receptionist duties IV. Helps with frame selection d. Opticians I. Makes et fits prescribed eyeglasses or lenses e. Opthalmic Laboratory Technician- polish, grind et mount lenses. Works with eye glasses et corrective lens Summary When you choose a career within the health field choose the area you are interested and review all occupations available in that area.