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COURSE ESSENTIAL STANDARD OBJECTIVE ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS I. II. III. Human body’s support, movement and use of nutrients. 1.00 B2 17% Understand the body’s systems of support and movement. 1.05 B2 4% Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system. What are the characteristics of muscles? What are the functions of the muscular system? What are common disorders of the muscular system? How are muscular disorders treated? How does the muscular system relate to the body’s support and movement? 7240 Health Science I Unit A Characteristics of muscles A. Contractibility B. Excitability C. Extensibility D. Elasticity E. Muscle tone 1. Atrophy 2. Hypertrophy F. Muscle fatigue Functions of the muscular system A. Movement 1. Skeletal system i. Origin ii. Insertion 2. Digestive system 3. Heart B. Posture C. Body heat Disorders of the muscular system and their treatments A. Fibromyalgia B. Hernia C. Muscle spasms D. Muscular dystrophy E. Myasthenia gravis F. Strain G. Tendonitis H. Tetanus 7240 Health Science I Summer 2012 71 1.05 Muscular System Functional Terms Handout Name _________________ Date __________________ Key Term aerobic Definition with oxygen anaerobic without oxygen acetylcholine (ACh) neurotransmitter between neuron and voluntary muscle energy molecule needed for muscle contraction and relaxation primary mover adenosine triphosphate (ATP) agonist antagonist point of insertion isometric contraction isotonic contraction motor unit muscle tone neurotransmitter neuromuscular junction point of origin prime mover oxygen debt sarcolemma sarcomere Relevance to health cause movement in the opposite direction end of skeletal muscle attached to a moveable part muscle tenses but does not shorten muscles contract and shorten neuron and the muscle fibers it stimulates partial muscle contraction chemical messengers, regulate body functions nerve connection on a muscle fiber end of skeletal muscle attached to a fixed structure moves muscle in one direction temporary lack of oxygen in the muscle due to exertion muscle cell membrane sarcoplasm functional unit of muscle contraction muscle cell cytoplasm synergists assist with movement 7240 Health Science I Summer 2012 72 1.05 Characteristics of Muscles Handout Name_________________ Date__________________ Directions: Record notes and class discussion related to the characteristics of muscles. Contractibility Extensibility Excitability Elasticity Muscle Tone Atrophy Hypertrophy Muscle Fatigue 7240 Health Science I Summer 2012 73 1.05 Skeletal Muscle Contraction Handout Name _________________ Date __________________ Directions: Explain the process of muscle contract, beginning with the stimulus to the movement of the muscle, indicating each step. Compare a muscle contraction to a sliding glass door. Myoneural stimulation + contraction of muscle proteins= movement and heat _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 7240 Health Science I Summer 2012 74 1.05 Functions of Muscles Handout Name_________________ Date__________________ Directions: Define the functions of the skeletal system in your own words, state how the function occurs and its relevance to health. Function How it occurs Relevance to health Movement Posture Heat 7240 Health Science I Summer 2012 75 1.05 Functions of Skeletal Muscles Matching Handout Name_________________ Date__________________ Directions: Match the function of the muscle to the name of the muscle. 1._____Extends and rotates femur A. Gluteus medius 2._____Flexes thigh and extends leg B. Sartorius 3._____points toes and flexes lower leg C. Rectus abdominus 4._____Helps with breathing D. Deltoid 5._____Raises ribs and helps with breathing E. Biceps brachii 6._____Flexes and rotates thigh and leg F. Gluteus maximus 7._____Extends the lower arm G. Sternocleidomastoid 8._____Abducts the upper arm H. Diaphragm 9._____Abducts and rotates thigh I. Rectus femoris 10._____Compresses abdomen J. Gastrocnemius 11._____Flexes upper arm and helps abduct it K. Trapezius 12._____Raises corner of mouth L. Intercostals 13._____Flexes and rotates the head M. Zygomaticus major 14._____Moves the shoulder and extends the head N. Triceps brachii 15._____Flexes lower arm O. Pectoralis major 7240 Health Science I Summer 2012 76 1.05 Muscular System Case Studies Handout Name_________________ Date__________________ Directions: Read each scenario and answer the questions using complete sentences and in your own words. 1. A 45 year old woman was 25 pounds overweight and did not exercise regularly. She joined a gym that had circuit training. After eight months of regular workouts, she was disappointed that she had lost only five pounds. She asked her trainer why her clothes were loose and why she had lost only five pounds. When her measurements were taken, she had lost 19 total inches (arms, thighs, hips, waist and abdomen) since starting regular work outs. Explain why her clothes fit, but there was minimal weight loss. 2. When teaching an exercise class at the local community center, the personal trainer used the following terms. Explain what each term means; its importance to the muscular system; and an example of the condition using your own words. A. Hypertrophy B. Atrophy C. Muscle fatigue 3. A patient participating in a cardiac rehabilitation program asked why he gets so hot when he exercises. What would you tell him? 4. A patient comes into the emergency department with hypothermia and states she cannot stop shivering. She asks why our bodies shiver when she gets cold. How do you explain shivering to her? 5. A 70 year old male has been active and athletic all his life. He recently noticed that he does not have as much stamina as he once did. He also reports that he seems to fatigue more quickly when he runs on the treadmill. As his healthcare provider, explain why these changes are occurring with him. 7240 Health Science I Summer 2012 77 1.05 Muscular System Case Studies Handout page 2 6. Using your understanding of the muscular system, answer these questions.. a. What percentage of muscle weight would you have if 60 pounds out of 140 pounds is muscle weight? b. What is the muscle weight of a 200 pound male? c. What is the muscle weight of a 90 pound female? d. If muscle weight is 90 pounds, how much does the person weigh? e. If muscle weight is 45 pounds, how much does the person weigh? 7240 Health Science I Summer 2012 78 1.05 Function of Muscular System Demonstration Handout Name_______________ Date________________ Directions: Working in pairs, perform the exercises listed below. Make sure both of you demonstrate these tasks. You may use your notes or textbook if you need a reference. Record the action involved (What did you have to do to make this happen?) and the relevance of this action to your health. Exercise Action involved Relevance to health Contract the diaphragm Contract the masseter Flex the masseter Stretch the left external oblique Flex pectoralis major Contract gastrocnemius Contract tibialis anterior Extend quadriceps Flex biceps Contract abdominal rectus Flex and rotate sartorius Extend and contract gluteus maximus Extend trapezius Contract and abduct deltoid 7240 Health Science I Summer 2012 79 1.05 Disorders of Muscular System Muscular System Research Handout Name_______________ Date________________ 1. Select a disorder from the following list or as approved by your teacher. Research the condition and prepare a patient education brochure related it. a. Fibromyalgia b. Hernia c. Muscle spasm d. Muscular Dystrophy e. Myasthenia Gravis f. Strain g. Tendonitis h. Tetanus 2. Be sure to include: a. A description of the disorder b. Symptoms of the disorder c. How the disorder is diagnosed d. How the disorder is treated e. The prognosis 4. Be prepared to share/present with the class. 7240 Health Science I Summer 2012 80 1.05 Prototype Assessment Items Note: These items illustrate the types of items used in the item bank for this objective. All items have been written to match the cognitive process of the understand verb in the objective. Questions require students to interpret, summarize or explain safety procedures. These exact questions will not be used on the secured test, but questions in similar formats will be used. These assessment items may be used as prototypes by teachers and students to generate similar items to comprise formative assessments for you classroom. This strategy is especially helpful during the field test year when classroom item banks are not available. Results of formative assessment should be used to diagnose levels of mastery, determine if re-teaching is needed, and guide further instruction. 1. Jackie’s cast was removed from his right leg, and he noticed a difference when comparing it to his left leg. What explains this difference? A. Aesthesia B. Atrophy C. Hypertrophy D. Malnutrition 2. When Stephen lifted the 100-pound weight, his biceps muscles demonstrated which muscular characteristic? A. Contractibility B. Excitability C. Extensibility D. Elasticity 3. When Stephen put the weights down, which muscle characteristic was demonstrated? A. Contractibility B. Excitability C. Extensibility D. Elasticity 7240 Health Science I Summer 2012 81