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COURSE
ESSENTIAL
STANDARD
OBJECTIVE
ESSENTIAL
QUESTIONS
I.
II.
III.
Human body’s support, movement
and use of nutrients.
1.00
B2
17%
Understand the body’s systems of
support and movement.
1.05
B2
4%
Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system.
 What are the characteristics of muscles?
 What are the functions of the muscular system?
 What are common disorders of the muscular system?
 How are muscular disorders treated?
 How does the muscular system relate to the body’s support and
movement?
7240 Health Science I
Unit A
Characteristics of muscles
A. Contractibility
B. Excitability
C. Extensibility
D. Elasticity
E. Muscle tone
1. Atrophy
2. Hypertrophy
F. Muscle fatigue
Functions of the muscular system
A. Movement
1. Skeletal system
i.
Origin
ii.
Insertion
2. Digestive system
3. Heart
B. Posture
C. Body heat
Disorders of the muscular system and their treatments
A. Fibromyalgia
B. Hernia
C. Muscle spasms
D. Muscular dystrophy
E. Myasthenia gravis
F. Strain
G. Tendonitis
H. Tetanus
7240 Health Science I
Summer 2012
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1.05 Muscular System Functional Terms
Handout
Name _________________
Date __________________
Key Term
aerobic
Definition
with oxygen
anaerobic
without oxygen
acetylcholine (ACh)
neurotransmitter between
neuron and voluntary muscle
energy molecule needed for
muscle contraction and
relaxation
primary mover
adenosine triphosphate
(ATP)
agonist
antagonist
point of insertion
isometric contraction
isotonic contraction
motor unit
muscle tone
neurotransmitter
neuromuscular junction
point of origin
prime mover
oxygen debt
sarcolemma
sarcomere
Relevance to health
cause movement in the
opposite direction
end of skeletal muscle
attached to a moveable part
muscle tenses but does not
shorten
muscles contract and
shorten
neuron and the muscle
fibers it stimulates
partial muscle contraction
chemical messengers,
regulate body functions
nerve connection on a
muscle fiber
end of skeletal muscle
attached to a fixed structure
moves muscle in one
direction
temporary lack of oxygen in
the muscle due to exertion
muscle cell membrane
sarcoplasm
functional unit of muscle
contraction
muscle cell cytoplasm
synergists
assist with movement
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1.05 Characteristics of Muscles
Handout
Name_________________
Date__________________
Directions: Record notes and class discussion related to the characteristics of
muscles.
Contractibility
Extensibility
Excitability
Elasticity
Muscle Tone
Atrophy
Hypertrophy
Muscle Fatigue
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Summer 2012
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1.05 Skeletal Muscle Contraction
Handout
Name _________________
Date __________________
Directions: Explain the process of muscle contract, beginning with the stimulus to the
movement of the muscle, indicating each step. Compare a muscle contraction to a
sliding glass door.
Myoneural stimulation + contraction of muscle proteins= movement and heat
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1.05 Functions of Muscles
Handout
Name_________________
Date__________________
Directions: Define the functions of the skeletal system in your own words, state how
the function occurs and its relevance to health.
Function
How it occurs
Relevance to health
Movement
Posture
Heat
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Summer 2012
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1.05 Functions of Skeletal Muscles
Matching Handout
Name_________________
Date__________________
Directions: Match the function of the muscle to the name of the muscle.
1._____Extends and rotates femur
A. Gluteus medius
2._____Flexes thigh and extends leg
B. Sartorius
3._____points toes and flexes lower leg
C. Rectus abdominus
4._____Helps with breathing
D. Deltoid
5._____Raises ribs and helps with breathing
E. Biceps brachii
6._____Flexes and rotates thigh and leg
F. Gluteus maximus
7._____Extends the lower arm
G. Sternocleidomastoid
8._____Abducts the upper arm
H. Diaphragm
9._____Abducts and rotates thigh
I. Rectus femoris
10._____Compresses abdomen
J. Gastrocnemius
11._____Flexes upper arm and helps abduct it
K. Trapezius
12._____Raises corner of mouth
L. Intercostals
13._____Flexes and rotates the head
M. Zygomaticus major
14._____Moves the shoulder and extends the head
N. Triceps brachii
15._____Flexes lower arm
O. Pectoralis major
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Summer 2012
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1.05 Muscular System Case Studies
Handout
Name_________________
Date__________________
Directions: Read each scenario and answer the questions using complete sentences
and in your own words.
1.
A 45 year old woman was 25 pounds overweight and did not exercise regularly. She
joined a gym that had circuit training. After eight months of regular workouts, she
was disappointed that she had lost only five pounds. She asked her trainer why her
clothes were loose and why she had lost only five pounds. When her measurements
were taken, she had lost 19 total inches (arms, thighs, hips, waist and abdomen)
since starting regular work outs. Explain why her clothes fit, but there was minimal
weight loss.
2. When teaching an exercise class at the local community center, the personal trainer
used the following terms. Explain what each term means; its importance to the
muscular system; and an example of the condition using your own words.
A. Hypertrophy
B. Atrophy
C. Muscle fatigue
3. A patient participating in a cardiac rehabilitation program asked why he gets so hot
when he exercises. What would you tell him?
4. A patient comes into the emergency department with hypothermia and states she
cannot stop shivering. She asks why our bodies shiver when she gets cold. How do
you explain shivering to her?
5. A 70 year old male has been active and athletic all his life. He recently noticed that
he does not have as much stamina as he once did. He also reports that he seems
to fatigue more quickly when he runs on the treadmill. As his healthcare provider,
explain why these changes are occurring with him.
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1.05 Muscular System Case Studies
Handout
page 2
6. Using your understanding of the muscular system, answer these questions..
a.
What percentage of muscle weight would you have if 60 pounds out of
140 pounds is muscle weight?
b.
What is the muscle weight of a 200 pound male?
c.
What is the muscle weight of a 90 pound female?
d.
If muscle weight is 90 pounds, how much does the person weigh?
e.
If muscle weight is 45 pounds, how much does the person weigh?
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1.05 Function of Muscular System Demonstration
Handout
Name_______________
Date________________
Directions: Working in pairs, perform the exercises listed below. Make sure both of
you demonstrate these tasks. You may use your notes or textbook if you need a
reference. Record the action involved (What did you have to do to make this happen?)
and the relevance of this action to your health.
Exercise
Action involved
Relevance to health
Contract the diaphragm
Contract the masseter
Flex the masseter
Stretch the left external
oblique
Flex pectoralis major
Contract gastrocnemius
Contract tibialis anterior
Extend quadriceps
Flex biceps
Contract abdominal rectus
Flex and rotate sartorius
Extend and contract
gluteus maximus
Extend trapezius
Contract and abduct deltoid
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Summer 2012
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1.05 Disorders of Muscular System
Muscular System Research Handout
Name_______________
Date________________
1. Select a disorder from the following list or as approved by your teacher.
Research the condition and prepare a patient education brochure related it.
a. Fibromyalgia
b. Hernia
c. Muscle spasm
d. Muscular Dystrophy
e. Myasthenia Gravis
f. Strain
g. Tendonitis
h. Tetanus
2. Be sure to include:
a. A description of the disorder
b. Symptoms of the disorder
c. How the disorder is diagnosed
d. How the disorder is treated
e. The prognosis
4. Be prepared to share/present with the class.
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1.05 Prototype Assessment Items
Note: These items illustrate the types of items used in the item bank for this objective.
All items have been written to match the cognitive process of the understand verb in the
objective. Questions require students to interpret, summarize or explain safety
procedures. These exact questions will not be used on the secured test, but questions
in similar formats will be used.
These assessment items may be used as prototypes by teachers and students to
generate similar items to comprise formative assessments for you classroom. This
strategy is especially helpful during the field test year when classroom item banks are
not available. Results of formative assessment should be used to diagnose levels of
mastery, determine if re-teaching is needed, and guide further instruction.
1. Jackie’s cast was removed from his right leg, and he noticed a difference when
comparing it to his left leg. What explains this difference?
A. Aesthesia
B. Atrophy
C. Hypertrophy
D. Malnutrition
2. When Stephen lifted the 100-pound weight, his biceps muscles demonstrated which
muscular characteristic?
A. Contractibility
B. Excitability
C. Extensibility
D. Elasticity
3. When Stephen put the weights down, which muscle characteristic was
demonstrated?
A. Contractibility
B. Excitability
C. Extensibility
D. Elasticity
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