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School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering
M.S. Final Oral Defense
Consequences of False Data Injection on Power System State Estimation
by
Jingwen Liang
April 6, 2015
10:30 am
ERC 593
Committee:
Dr. Lalitha Sankar (Co-chair)
Dr. Oliver Kosut (Co-chair)
Dr. Kory Hedman
Abstract
The electric power system is one of the largest, most complicated, and most important
cyber-physical systems in the world. The link between the cyber and physical level is the
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems and Energy Management
Systems (EMS). Their functions include monitoring the real-time system operation
through state estimation (SE), controlling the system to operate reliably, and optimizing
the system operation efficiency. The SCADA acquires the noisy measurements, such as
voltage angle and magnitude, line power flows, and line current magnitude, from the
remote terminal units (RTUs). These raw data are firstly sent to the SE, which filters all
the noisy data and derives the best estimate of the system state. Then the estimated states
are used for other EMS functions, such as contingency analysis, optimal power flow, etc.
In the existing state estimation process, there is no defense mechanism for any malicious
attacks. Once the communication channel between the SCADA and RTUs is hijacked by
the attacker, the attacker can perform a man-in-middle attack and send data of its choice.
The only step that can possibly detect the attack during the state estimation process is the
bad data detector. Unfortunately, even the bad data detector is unable to detect a certain
type of attack, known as the false data injection (FDI) attacks.
Diagnosing the physical consequences of such attack, therefore, is very important to
understand system stability. In this thesis, theoretical general attack models for AC and
DC attacks are given and an optimization problem for the worst-case overload attack is
formulated. Furthermore, physical consequences of FDI attacks, based on both DC and
AC model, are addressed. Various scenarios with different attack targets and system
configurations are simulated. The details of the research, results obtained and conclusions
drawn are presented in this document.