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Gel Electrophoresis Guided Notes Name___________________________ Detecting blood factors What are blood factors, and how can we determine which factors people have? Blood factors are _________________________________ found in blood that Are _______________________________ _____________________________ between individuals There are a variety of ways to detect different blood factors, including: __________________________________________________________ (ABO, Rh) _________________________________________________________ (enzymes) Gel electrophoresis Gel electrophoresis is a method of separating molecules (usually proteins or DNA) by ___________________________ __________________________________. o Scientists will also run known samples for comparison o This method is sufficient to separate DNA – additional methods often used for proteins o Samples are loaded into wells of a gel o An electric current is put across the gel with the positive electrode opposite the wells o Negatively charged particles (such as DNA and some proteins) diffuse across the gel towards the positive electrode o Dyes are added to the samples so that you can see them as they move down the gel o Molecules move down gel at different rates due to size and charge How? _____________________________ _______________________________ Gel electrophoresis question 1 A scientist added four substances to this gel. 1. Small, highly positively charged chemicals 2. Small, slightly positively charged chemicals 3. Large, highly positively charged chemicals 4. Large, slightly positively charged chemicals Which is which? Gel electrophoresis Question 2 The story … Police searched the home a person suspected of murder and found a shirt with blood stains. The blood type of the suspect, the victim, and the blood on the shirt was all O+, so the forensic serologist examined additional blood factors, including PGM. What PGM factor does each sample have? Who is the most likely source for the blood stain? What is the value of a reference sample?
