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Distribution of ABO and Rhesus-D blood groups in and around Thiruvananthapuram Abhishekh.B, Mayadevi.S, Meena.D,Usha.K.C DEPARTMENT OF TRANSFUSION MEDICINE,MEDICAL COLLEGE,TRIVANDRUM ABO and Rh blood group antigens are hereditary characters and are useful in population genetic studies, researching for population migration, resolving certain medico legal issues especially disputed paternity. Most important is the compatibility test in blood transfusion practice. The knowledge of distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups at local and regional levels are helpful in the effective management of blood banks and blood transfusion services. Blood group systems are also useful to determine the genetic variation within and between populations. The frequencies of ABO and Rhesus-D blood groups vary from one population to another. There are no much data available for Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. Our aim was to determine the distribution of different blood groups in this region. Blood group determination was carried out for 1 year, from January 2009 to December 2010, and encompassed 27,719 subjects donating blood to the transfusion medicine center of a tertiary care institute. ABO and Rh blood grouping was done by using commercially available anti-sera A, B, AB, H and Rh (D), and known cells prepared, in-house, from pooled blood units, were used. For typing of Rh, we did not use other antisera like anti-c, anti-C, anti-e, and anti-E; but only anti-D, which is most immunogenic. Hence those who tested positive with anti-sera D were considered to be Rh positive and those who did not were considered to be Rh negative. These anti-sera were validated at our laboratories before using them. For determination of ABO blood groups, both forward and reverse groupings were carried out. The results were analyzed and data compiled. Our study involving 27,719 donors, both male and female, showed O group to be high, viz., 11,101 (40.05%) donors, followed by B group having 7591(27.39%) donors and A at 7264(26.21 %) and AB at 1763(6.36%) donors being the lowest. Rh-D blood group frequency was 90.29% positive and 9.71% negative, which shows that it follows the Asiatic trend of O > B > A > AB. Blood group Number of donors Percentage A +ve B +ve AB +ve O +ve A negative B negative AB negative O negative 6585 6732 1616 10095 679 859 147 1006 23.76% 24.29% 5.83% 36.42% 2.45% 3.1 % 0.53% 3.63% Few studies of ABO and Rh blood group prevalence among the various populations of India have been carried out. Study done by Nanu and Thapliyal in the north Indian population report that group B is the most predominant one, [1] as also reported in a study in neighboring Pakistan.,[2] The south Indian study by Das et al. shows that group O is the most predominant one, followed by group B and group A, which is in agreement with our study; and also, the finding regarding Rh negativity was almost similar to that from our study. [3] Another south Indian study conducted on the population of Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh and NIMHANS, Bengaluru also showed similar pattern of distribution of blood groups. [4][5] It is hoped that the data generated in this study would assist in the planning and establishment of a functional blood service that would meet the everincreasing demand for safe blood and blood products. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We thank all the staff and technicians of the Blood bank, Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram for their assistance and cooperation in executing this study. References 1. Nanu A, Thapliyal RM. Blood group gene frequency in a selected north Indian population. Indian J Med Res 1997; 106:242-6. [PUBMED] 2. Afzal M, Ziaur-Rehman, Hussain F, Siddiqi R. A survey of blood groups. J Pak Med Assoc 1977; 27:426-8. [PUBMED] 3. Das PK, Nair SC, Harris VK, Rose D, Mammen JJ, Bose YN, et al. Distribution of ABO and Rh-D blood groups among blood donors in a tertiary care centre in South India. Trop Doct 2001;31:47-8. [PUBMED] [FULLTEXT] 4. Reddy KS, Sudha G. ABO and Rh(D) blood groups among the Desuri Reddis of Chittur District, Andhra Pradesh. Anthrapologist 2009;11:237-8 5. Sundar P, SK Sangeethaet al Distribution of ABO and Rhesus-D blood groups in and around Bangalore; Asian journal of transfusion science;2010;vol 4; issue 1; pg41