Download Distribution of ABO and Rhesus

Distribution of ABO and Rhesus-D blood groups in and around
Thiruvananthapuram
Abhishekh.B, Mayadevi.S, Meena.D,Usha.K.C
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSFUSION MEDICINE,MEDICAL COLLEGE,TRIVANDRUM
ABO and Rh blood group antigens are hereditary characters and are
useful in population genetic studies, researching for population migration,
resolving certain medico legal issues especially disputed paternity. Most
important is the compatibility test in blood transfusion practice. The
knowledge of distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups at local and
regional levels are helpful in the effective management of blood banks
and blood transfusion services. Blood group systems are also useful to
determine the genetic variation within and between populations.
The frequencies of ABO and Rhesus-D blood groups vary from one
population to another. There are no much data available for
Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. Our aim was to determine the distribution of
different blood groups in this region. Blood group determination was carried
out for 1 year, from January 2009 to December 2010, and encompassed
27,719 subjects donating blood to the transfusion medicine center of a
tertiary care institute.
ABO and Rh blood grouping was done by using commercially available
anti-sera A, B, AB, H and Rh (D), and known cells prepared, in-house, from
pooled blood units, were used. For typing of Rh, we did not use other antisera like anti-c, anti-C, anti-e, and anti-E; but only anti-D, which is most
immunogenic. Hence those who tested positive with anti-sera D were
considered to be Rh positive and those who did not were considered to be
Rh negative. These anti-sera were validated at our laboratories before
using them. For determination of ABO blood groups, both forward and
reverse groupings were carried out.
The results were analyzed and data compiled. Our study involving 27,719
donors, both male and female, showed O group to be high, viz., 11,101
(40.05%) donors, followed by B group having 7591(27.39%) donors and A
at 7264(26.21 %) and AB at 1763(6.36%) donors being the lowest. Rh-D
blood group frequency was 90.29% positive and 9.71% negative, which
shows that it follows the Asiatic trend of O > B > A > AB.
Blood group
Number of donors
Percentage
A +ve
B +ve
AB +ve
O +ve
A negative
B negative
AB negative
O negative
6585
6732
1616
10095
679
859
147
1006
23.76%
24.29%
5.83%
36.42%
2.45%
3.1 %
0.53%
3.63%
Few studies of ABO and Rh blood group prevalence among the various
populations of India have been carried out. Study done by Nanu and
Thapliyal in the north Indian population report that group B is the most
predominant one, [1] as also reported in a study in neighboring
Pakistan.,[2] The south Indian study by Das et al. shows that group O is the
most predominant one, followed by group B and group A, which is in
agreement with our study; and also, the finding regarding Rh negativity was
almost similar to that from our study. [3] Another south Indian study
conducted on the population of Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh and
NIMHANS, Bengaluru also showed similar pattern of distribution of blood
groups. [4][5]
It is hoped that the data generated in this study would assist in the planning
and establishment of a functional blood service that would meet the everincreasing demand for safe blood and blood products.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We thank all the staff and technicians of the Blood bank, Medical College,
Thiruvananthapuram for their assistance and cooperation in executing this
study.
References
1.
Nanu A, Thapliyal RM. Blood group gene frequency in a selected north Indian population. Indian J Med Res
1997; 106:242-6.
[PUBMED]
2.
Afzal M, Ziaur-Rehman, Hussain F, Siddiqi R. A survey of blood groups. J Pak Med Assoc 1977; 27:426-8.
[PUBMED]
3.
Das PK, Nair SC, Harris VK, Rose D, Mammen JJ, Bose YN, et al. Distribution of ABO and Rh-D blood groups
among blood donors in a tertiary care centre in South India. Trop Doct 2001;31:47-8.
[PUBMED] [FULLTEXT]
4.
Reddy KS, Sudha G. ABO and Rh(D) blood groups among the Desuri Reddis of Chittur District, Andhra
Pradesh. Anthrapologist 2009;11:237-8
5.
Sundar P, SK Sangeethaet al Distribution of ABO and Rhesus-D blood groups in and around
Bangalore; Asian journal of transfusion science;2010;vol 4; issue 1; pg41