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An International Workshop on the Utilization of Seismographic Networks within the Global Earth Observing System of Systems Wednesday, 24 August 2005 Session on Capacity Building and Synergy Scribe: Egill Hauksson Moderator: Jeffrey Park 1st Talk: Andy Nyblade – AfricaArray: Using Seismology to Build Science Capacity in Africa Talked about capacity building in Africa. Explained the multiple layers of arrays, for data collection, training of students, etc. www.africaarray.psu.edu Described public private partnerships that include universities, governments, and the private natural resource sector. Major components: 1) Installing new and upgrading existing stations to have broadband capability and real-time telemetry 2) Install GPS and other sensors 3) Collect data for training of students 4) Train students both in technical operations as well as in doing science with the data Use data to understand some of the large-scale geodynamic problems associated with the Africa plate and the African superplume. Important to link capacity building with developing observing systems. Examples of economic benefits (these are shown in detail in Andy’s slides) 1) Communicating and transferring new knowledge into the local communities 2) Foster self-sufficiency and independence among scientists in developing nations 3) Provide new data that can be used for both training and response to potential natural disasters by local experts 4) Training of students using local data provides an important motivation A potential GEOSS issue would be to endorse the AfricaArray as a GEOSS activity as well as a model for other GEOSS tasks/activities worth supporting by both developed and developing nations. 2nd Talk: Tim Dixon – Role of Space Geodesy in GEOSS 1 Discussed GPS and InSAR Declared that no strain transients useful for earthquake prediction had been reported. Showed an example of how GPS data and seismicity data were used to determine the geometrical configuration of the locked zoned on the subduction interface offshore from Costa Rica. Explained application of GPS data for volcano monitoring using Long Valley Caldera, eastern California as an example. Talked about availability of InSAR data. Mostly commercial outfits provide InSAR data and most users have to pay for the data. GEOSS could contribute to making the InSAR data more easily available. Talked about DDL or direct download capability as a means of providing near-real time InSAR data. Explained how GPS ??? allowed measurement of the earth’s oblateness (J2) was changing with time, presumably due to melting of glaciers in the northern hemisphere. Thus GPS contributes to global change issues that are of interest to GEOSS. Talked about application of high sample rate GPS data for quick determination of magnitude for major earthquakes, where seismic data may saturate. Examples included Denali and Sumatra earthquakes. Examples of economic benefit: 1) Prediction of volcanic activity 2) Identification and quantification of earthquake hazards A potential GEOSS issue would be to identify synergies between GPS done for land-use planning, local ship and air traffic navigation, and GPS done for scientific purposes. 3rd Talk: Jeffrey J. Love – Intermagnet and USGS Magnetic Observatory Operations The talk is about two projects: National Geomagnetism operated by the USGS in Golden Intermagnets Applications: 1) Geological exploration 2) Monitoring of the space environment for space exploration and satellite operation. The US operates 14 magnetic observatories and all data are collected and analyzed in Golden Colorado. Three different instruments are operated at each site. The special theodolite requires a human to make a measurement once per week. 2 Data are made available via annual CD volumes (an incentive to get data in on time) and via web pages. A large magnetic storm in the upper atmosphere may interrupt radio communications on earth, change orbits of satellites, and cause catastrophic failures of satellites. Thus, GEOSS needs to be concerned with global availability of magnetic field data. The Intermagnet observatories project was started in 1991. To be a member an observatory needs to meet standards of data formats and quality. Today there are 40 countries and 100 observatories participating. See also: www.intermagnet.org. Probably, ~100 countries could be members of Intermagnet, and increased membership should be a GEOSS activity. Examples of economic benefit: 1) Monitoring and reporting of magnetic declination changes in the northern hemisphere during magnetic storms 2) Assist with diagnostics of failures of radio communications and satellites 3) Data used to derive secondary products by other agencies, such as for, radio communications, satellite operations, and space exploration 4) Observatories are needed to support aeromagnetic surveys New research requires high frequency data to study resonance in magnetic field lines. A GEOSS issue would be to strengthen intermagnet project and get true global participation. 3rd Talk: Hank Bass – Infrasound in the Geosciences Talked about infrasound in the frequency range from 0.02 to 8 Hz There are numerous existing monitoring systems but the data are mostly not available for scientific research or other purposes. Unfortunately infrasound data are only available from a few observing stations around the globe. These few monitoring sites have growing libraries of infrasound events. Sources of infrasound: 1) Surf 2) Microbaroms 3) Sprites, Aurora 4) Bolides 3 Weather is a big noise source and because the signals decay slowly the noise sources as well as interesting infrasound event signals last a long time and may be apparent noise sources. As an example, the 2004 Mw9 Sumatran earthquake emitted infrasound that emanated from a local source in the mountains to the east of the epicenter. A possible synergy goal with GEOSS is to build a global database of known infrasound events. Examples of economic benefits: 1) Monitor volcanoes to warn of eruptions and possible ash plume in the atmosphere that may affect airplanes 2) Monitor for unusual events such as the Columbia shuttle disaster 3) Prediction of surf height for surfers A possible GEOSS issue would be to facilitate timely release of all infrasound data, including data collected by CTBTO. 4