Download Name: : : ______ Human Digestive System Project Nutrition Science

Name: __________________________________Period: _____________Date: ____________
Human Digestive System Project
Nutrition Science
Objective:
Create a “life size” poster of the digestive system and complete charts which describe the path
of the nutrients and their encounters of the journey from “mouth to anus”
Project:
1) Obtain a 5 foot long sheet of poster paper
2) Trace the body of one partner while they are laying on their back
3) Draw in the following organs in the colors listed:
Organ
Color
a. Esophagus
Pink
b. Gall bladder
Cherry red
c. Large intestine(rectum, anus) Brown
d. Liver
Apple green
e. Mouth (tongue, teeth)
Light blue
f. Pancreas
Purple
g. Salivary glands
Orange
h. Small intestine
Yellow
i. Stomach
Blue
4) Create a chart listing the organs and their functions
a. Everyone must submit their own
5) Create a chart listing the nutrient(carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals &
water), organs with enzyme(s) that act each nutrient & what the nutrient is changed
into
a. Everyone must submit their own
b. This information should be displayed on the diagram
6) Finally, using arrows and an explanation
a. Label where the nutrient is absorbed
b. Record a possible destination and function of the nutrient
Name: _____________________________________Period: __________Date: ____________
Organs & Functions
Organ
Esophagus
Gall bladder
Large intestine
(rectum, anus)
Liver
Mouth (tongue,
teeth)
Pancreas
Salivary glands
Small intestine
Stomach
Function
 Passageway of food (bolus) from mouth to stomach.
 Stores bile for emulsification of lipids
 Reabsorbs water.
 Absorbs sodium and other ions but it excretes other metallic ions into the
wastes.
 It absorbs vitamin K produced by colon bacteria.
 The last 20 cm of the large intestine is the rectum.
 Produces bile which emulsifies fats.
 Detoxifies blood from intestines. It destroys old red blood cells and
converts hemoglobin from these cells to bilirubin and biliverdin which are
components of bile.
 Stores glucose as glycogen and breaks it down to release glucose as needed.
 It produces blood proteins.
 Ammonia produced by the digestion of proteins is converted to a less toxic
compound (urea) by the liver.
 Chewing breaks food into smaller particles so that chemical digestion can
occur faster.
 The tongue is muscular and can move food. It pushes food to back where it
is swallowed.
 Regulates blood glucose levels with insulin and glucagon.
 Produces pancreatic juices and digestive enzymes.
 Salivary amylase breaks starch (a polysaccharide) down to maltose (a
disaccharide).
 Bicarbonate ions in saliva act as buffers, maintaining a pH between 6.5 and
7.5.
 Mucins (mucous) lubricate and help hold chewed food together in a clump
called a bolus.
 Absorption is an important function.
 Active transport moves glucose and amino acids into the intestinal cells,
then out where they are picked up by capillaries.
 Production of some digestive enzymes.
 The stomach stores up to 2 liters of food.
 Gastric glands within the stomach produce secretions called gastric juice.
 The muscular walls of the stomach contract vigorously to mix food with
gastric juice, producing a mixture called chyme.
 Pepsinogen is converted to pepsin, which digests proteins. Pepsinogen
production is stimulated by the presence of gastrin in the blood (discussed
below).
 Hydrochloric acid (HCl) converts pepsinogen to pepsin which breaks down
proteins to peptides.
 HCl maintains a pH in the stomach of approximately 2.0.
 HCl also dissolves food and kills microorganisms.
 Mucous protects the stomach from HCl and pepsin.
 Gastrin is a hormone that stimulates the stomach to secrete gastric juice.
Name: ___________________________________Period: _____________Date: ____________
Nutrient Digestion & Organs
Mouth
Proteins
Stomach
Protein
Small intestine
Peptides
Pepsin
(from stomach)
Peptidase
(from intestines)
Trypsin
(from pancreas)
Amino acids
Large intestine
Peptides
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Polysaccharides
Maltose
salivary amylase
(from salivary
glands)
maltase
(from pancreas)
maltose
glucose
Lipids
Lipase
Water
Vitamins
Minerals
Fatty acids
Most absorbed
through osmosis facilitated
diffusion
Some Fat and
some water
soluble are
absorbed through
facilitated
diffusion.
Fat soluble –
absorbed by
simple diffusion.
Mineral salt
absorbed by
active transport –
Ca, Iron, Na, Cl, K
Some reabsorbed
Vitamin k
synthesized by
bacteria here
And absorbed
B vitamins
absorbed (some
vitamins)
Some minerals
Na, Cl
Name: ___________________________________Period: _____________Date: ____________
Nutrient Digestion & Organs
Mouth
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Water
Vitamins
Minerals
Salivary amylase
(salivary glands)
&
Ptyalin
Polysaccharides
to
Maltose
Lingual lipase
???????
Stomach
Pepsin & Renin
(stomach)
&Trypsin
(pancreas)
Small intestine
Peptidase &
Trypsin
(intestines)
Peptides
Gastric Amylase
Amino acids
Maltase
(Isomaltase)
Sucrase, Lactase,
(pancreas)
Polysaccharides
to
Maltose
(*Not significant)
Gastric lipase
(butter fats)
????????
Large intestine
Glucose
Lipase
Phospholipase
Steapsin
(pancreas)
Fatty acids
Most absorbed
through osmosis facilitated
diffusion
Some Fat and
some water
soluble are
absorbed through
facilitated
diffusion.
Fat soluble –
absorbed by
simple diffusion.
Mineral salt
absorbed by
active transport –
Ca, Iron, Na, Cl, K
Some reabsorbed
Vitamin k
synthesized by
bacteria here
And absorbed
B vitamins
absorbed (some
vitamins)
Some minerals
Na, Cl