Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Name: __________________________________Period: _____________Date: ____________ Human Digestive System Project Nutrition Science Objective: Create a “life size” poster of the digestive system and complete charts which describe the path of the nutrients and their encounters of the journey from “mouth to anus” Project: 1) Obtain a 5 foot long sheet of poster paper 2) Trace the body of one partner while they are laying on their back 3) Draw in the following organs in the colors listed: Organ Color a. Esophagus Pink b. Gall bladder Cherry red c. Large intestine(rectum, anus) Brown d. Liver Apple green e. Mouth (tongue, teeth) Light blue f. Pancreas Purple g. Salivary glands Orange h. Small intestine Yellow i. Stomach Blue 4) Create a chart listing the organs and their functions a. Everyone must submit their own 5) Create a chart listing the nutrient(carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals & water), organs with enzyme(s) that act each nutrient & what the nutrient is changed into a. Everyone must submit their own b. This information should be displayed on the diagram 6) Finally, using arrows and an explanation a. Label where the nutrient is absorbed b. Record a possible destination and function of the nutrient Name: _____________________________________Period: __________Date: ____________ Organs & Functions Organ Esophagus Gall bladder Large intestine (rectum, anus) Liver Mouth (tongue, teeth) Pancreas Salivary glands Small intestine Stomach Function Passageway of food (bolus) from mouth to stomach. Stores bile for emulsification of lipids Reabsorbs water. Absorbs sodium and other ions but it excretes other metallic ions into the wastes. It absorbs vitamin K produced by colon bacteria. The last 20 cm of the large intestine is the rectum. Produces bile which emulsifies fats. Detoxifies blood from intestines. It destroys old red blood cells and converts hemoglobin from these cells to bilirubin and biliverdin which are components of bile. Stores glucose as glycogen and breaks it down to release glucose as needed. It produces blood proteins. Ammonia produced by the digestion of proteins is converted to a less toxic compound (urea) by the liver. Chewing breaks food into smaller particles so that chemical digestion can occur faster. The tongue is muscular and can move food. It pushes food to back where it is swallowed. Regulates blood glucose levels with insulin and glucagon. Produces pancreatic juices and digestive enzymes. Salivary amylase breaks starch (a polysaccharide) down to maltose (a disaccharide). Bicarbonate ions in saliva act as buffers, maintaining a pH between 6.5 and 7.5. Mucins (mucous) lubricate and help hold chewed food together in a clump called a bolus. Absorption is an important function. Active transport moves glucose and amino acids into the intestinal cells, then out where they are picked up by capillaries. Production of some digestive enzymes. The stomach stores up to 2 liters of food. Gastric glands within the stomach produce secretions called gastric juice. The muscular walls of the stomach contract vigorously to mix food with gastric juice, producing a mixture called chyme. Pepsinogen is converted to pepsin, which digests proteins. Pepsinogen production is stimulated by the presence of gastrin in the blood (discussed below). Hydrochloric acid (HCl) converts pepsinogen to pepsin which breaks down proteins to peptides. HCl maintains a pH in the stomach of approximately 2.0. HCl also dissolves food and kills microorganisms. Mucous protects the stomach from HCl and pepsin. Gastrin is a hormone that stimulates the stomach to secrete gastric juice. Name: ___________________________________Period: _____________Date: ____________ Nutrient Digestion & Organs Mouth Proteins Stomach Protein Small intestine Peptides Pepsin (from stomach) Peptidase (from intestines) Trypsin (from pancreas) Amino acids Large intestine Peptides Carbohydrates Lipids Polysaccharides Maltose salivary amylase (from salivary glands) maltase (from pancreas) maltose glucose Lipids Lipase Water Vitamins Minerals Fatty acids Most absorbed through osmosis facilitated diffusion Some Fat and some water soluble are absorbed through facilitated diffusion. Fat soluble – absorbed by simple diffusion. Mineral salt absorbed by active transport – Ca, Iron, Na, Cl, K Some reabsorbed Vitamin k synthesized by bacteria here And absorbed B vitamins absorbed (some vitamins) Some minerals Na, Cl Name: ___________________________________Period: _____________Date: ____________ Nutrient Digestion & Organs Mouth Proteins Carbohydrates Lipids Water Vitamins Minerals Salivary amylase (salivary glands) & Ptyalin Polysaccharides to Maltose Lingual lipase ??????? Stomach Pepsin & Renin (stomach) &Trypsin (pancreas) Small intestine Peptidase & Trypsin (intestines) Peptides Gastric Amylase Amino acids Maltase (Isomaltase) Sucrase, Lactase, (pancreas) Polysaccharides to Maltose (*Not significant) Gastric lipase (butter fats) ???????? Large intestine Glucose Lipase Phospholipase Steapsin (pancreas) Fatty acids Most absorbed through osmosis facilitated diffusion Some Fat and some water soluble are absorbed through facilitated diffusion. Fat soluble – absorbed by simple diffusion. Mineral salt absorbed by active transport – Ca, Iron, Na, Cl, K Some reabsorbed Vitamin k synthesized by bacteria here And absorbed B vitamins absorbed (some vitamins) Some minerals Na, Cl