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SPEECH REVIEW FALL SEMESTER CHAPTER 1 – UNDERSTANDING COMMUNICATION • Define communication • Sending and receiving of messages to achieve understanding • Where does communication originate? • In the mind CHAPTER 2 –SENDING VERBAL AND NONVERBAL MESSAGES • • • • • • • Define the following: Nonverbal communication Communicating without words Denotation Dictionary defintion Connotation The feelings and emotions a word brings forth • Jargon • Language used by people within a particular group or field, but is not necessarily understood by those outside the group • Paralanguage • Type of nonverbal communication using rate, volume, stress, tone, quality, pitch CHAPTER 3 – USING YOUR VOICE • • • • • Define the following Monotone Speaking with only one tone Optimum pitch The pitch at which a person speaks with the least strain and with the best resonance • Explain the vocalization process • Diaphragm, lungs, trachea, voice box – produces sound, vocal folds – vibrate to produce pitch, resonators – create quality and amplifies sound (oral cavity, pharynx, nasal cavity), articulators – crisp, clear sounds (lips, teeth, tongue, hard palate, soft palate, jaw CHAPTER 4 – LISTENING AND EVALUATING • Terms • Bandwagon • Propaganda technique – people act because everyone else is • Card stacking • Propaganda technique – only partial information is presented in order to leave an inaccurate impression • Name calling • Propaganda technique – labeling to arouse a negative feeling with no support for the label • Listening • Getting meaning from sounds; interpret sounds • Hearing • The ability to detect sound • • • • • Four factors that affect listening Physical and mental state Speaker Environment Prejudices CHAPTER 9 – GETTING READY • Three main types of speeches • Inform – share information, teach, educate • Persuade – inspire, challenge, convince, actuate • Entertain – relax • Best place to begin researching • With what you already know CHAPTER 11 – PREPARING YOUR SPEECH • • • • • Objectives of the introduction Get attention Establish goodwill, establish ethos Develop interest in the topic Thesis • • • • Objectives of a conclusion Summarize (emphasize main idea) Intensify emotions or feelings Psychologically close the speech CHAPTER 13 – PRESENTING YOUR SPEECH • • • • • • • Define vocalized pause Filling pauses with sounds like “uh” 4 ways to deliver a speech Memorize – write out word for word, memorize Manuscript – write out word for word Outline – speak from outline or note cards Impromptu – no preparation, spur-of-the moment • • • • Where stage fright begins In your mind Best method to deal with stage fright Practice, preparation CHAPTER 14 – SPEAKING TO INFORM • • • • • • • Explain organizational patterns Chronological Time sequence Topical By subject matter or natural divisions Spatial Arranged by position in space • • • • Climatic Order of importance Cause/effect Shows conditions then results of those conditions CHAPTER 15 – SPEAKING TO PERSUADE • 4 types of audiences • Positive or favorable – agrees with you • Neutral – needs information and has not made up mind • Apathetic or disinterested – does not care; does not see how topic will affect them • Hostile or negative – against anything you have to say CHAPTER 16 – SPEAKING FOR A SPECIAL OCCASION • List different types of special occasion speeches • Graduation, introduction, presentation, acceptance, eulogy, testimonial, commemorative, after-dinner, toast MRS. SCHLICKMAN • • • • • 4 Types of gestures Locative – places where something is Descriptive – shows shape, size Emphatic – shows strong feeling Transitional – moving from one area to another as the speaker moves from one point to another • • • • 3 parts that should be memorized Introduction Transitions Conclusion