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VITAMINS: FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS DR Norhasmah Sulaiman Department of Resources Management and Consumer Studies Faculty Of Human Ecology UPM Vitamin Vitamin A: Retinol Primary functions 1. 2. Formation and maintenance of mucous membranes, skin, bones. Needed for vision in dim light. Deficiency 1. 2. 3. Increased susceptibili ty to infection, increased incidence and severity of infection. Impaired vision, blindness. Inability to see in dim light. Overdose 1. 2. 3. 4. Food sources Hyppervit 1. aminosis A. Nausea, 2. irritabilit y, blurred vision, weakness Increase pressure 3. in skull, headache Liver damage, hair loss, dry skin, birth defect. Animal products only. Liver, butter, margarine , milk, cheese, eggs. Ready to eat cereals. Vitamin Primary functions Deficiency Overdose Food sources Vitamin A: 2. Beta- Antioxidant carot ene Related only to lack of vitamin A. 1. 2. 3. Lung • damage. Skin may turn yelloworange. Possibly related to reversible • loss of fertility in women. Deep orange, yellow, and green vegetab les and fruits. Vitamin Vitamin E (Alphatocoph erol) Primary functions 1. 2. Antioxidant. Reduces the ability of LDLcholesterol to form plague in arteries. Deficiency 1. 2. 3. 4. Muscle loss, nerve damage. Anemia. Weakness. Many adults may have non-optimal blood levels Overdose 1. May increasing bleedingover 800 IU per day. Food sources 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Oils and fats. Salad dressings, mayonnais e, margarine ,shortenin -g, butter. Whole grain, wheat germ. Leafy, green vegetable -s, tomatoes. Nuts and seeds. Eggs. Vitamin Vitamin D (1,25Dihydroxy cholicalcifer ol) Primary functions Absorption of 1. calcium and phosphorus, and for their utilization 2. in bone formation, nerve and muscle activity. Deficiency Overdose Weak, 1. deformed bones (children)rickets. Loss of 2. calcium from bones (adults), osteoporosi s 3. 4. Mental retardati on in young children. Abnormal bone growth and formatio n. Nausea, diarrhea, irritabilit y, weight loss. Depositio n of calcium In organs such as kidneys, liver, and heart. Food sources 1. 2. 3. 4. Vitamin D fortified milk and margarin e. Butter. Fish, eggs, mushroo ms. Milk products: cheese, yogurt, and ice cream are generally not fortified with vitamin D. Vitamin Vitamin K 1. Phylloquinone. 2. Menaquinone. Primary functions 1. 2. Essential 1. component of 2. mechanism s that cause 3. blood to clot when bleeding occurs. Aids in the incorporat ion of calcium into bones. Deficiency Bleeding, bruises. Decreased calcium in bones. Rare. May be induced by the long-term use of antibiotics . Overdose Liver disease if vitamin K in synthetic forms taken in Excessive amounts. Food sources 1. 2. Leafy, green vegetabl es. Grain product s. Thanks…