Download Atom Building - Campbell County Schools

Chemistry:
Atomic
Structure
by Tim F. Rowbotham - modified in 2008 , 2011
Pre-Assessment Questions
• Ready your remote
Which of the following is the most accurate
model of the structure of an atom?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Tiny solid sphere
Tiny solar system
Spherical Cloud
Chocolate chip cookie
Which of the following is not a particle found
in an atom?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Neutron
Electron
Proton
Cathode
The Mass Number of an atom is the total
number of what?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Protons & Electron
Protons & Neutrons
Neutrons & Electrons
Protons, Neutrons & Electrons
The Atomic Number of an atom is the total
number of what in an atom?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Protons
Protons & Electrons
Protons, Neutrons & Electrons
Chemical Bonds
Which of the following has a negative
charge?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Positron
Atomic Structure Notes
•PAGE 1
Chemistry:
Atomic
Structure
Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham
Atomic History
• Ancient Greeks thought
there were only 4 elements:
earth, air, fire, & water.
• All matter, they thought,
included one or more of
these elements.
Atomic History
• Democritus (440 BC) was the
first to challenge this idea.
• He thought that matter could
eventually be divided up into
its smallest piece. This piece
he theorized, he called atomos,
which means “indivisible.”
Atomic Theory
• In 1802, John Dalton (a
British school teacher)
proposed an atomic theory,
which included several ideas.
• Dalton’s Atomic Theory VIDEO CLIP
Dalton’s Atomic Theory
• Atoms are tiny, invisible
spheres impossible to break.
• Atoms of different elements
are different and have
specific masses.
• Atoms can combine in exact
ratios to form compounds.
Thompson’s Model
• In the late 1800s, JJ Thompson
discovered that there were
negatively charged particles
which he called electrons. He
pictured the atom as a ball of
positive charge with negatively
charged electrons floating in it.
• VIDEO CLIPS:
Rutherford’s Model
• In 1911, Ernest Rutherford
determined that the center
of the atom had a positive
charge.
• This positively charged
center was called the
nucleus.
Chadwick’s Discovery
• James Chadwick discovered
that the nucleus also held
particles with no charge,
which he called neutrons.
• The positively charged
particles in the nucleus were
called protons.
The Bohr Model
• Neils Bohr hypothesized
that the atom was like a tiny
solar system, with electrons
circling the nucleus in well
defined orbits like planets
• The speculated paths of the
electrons were called
orbitals, shells, or energy
Modern Atomic Theory
• It was later discovered that
electrons do not have well defined
orbits, but rather move much
more haphazardly.
• In fact, Heisenberg determined
that we can not simultaneously
know the location and velocity of
an electron!!!
• Uncertainty principle 1
Electron Cloud Model
• However, each electron
has certain regions where
it is more likely to be
found.
• The electron cloud
describes the “blur”
created from the more
frequent movement of
Electron Cloud Model
• The electron cloud is a
spherical cloud around the
nucleus that shows were an
electron is most likely to be.
• It is the most accurate
model of an atom, but not
the most useful.
Electron Cloud Model
The denser
areas are
where the
electrons are
MOST likely to
Atomic Model Video Clip
be.
Learning Checks
• Ready your remote
Which of the following is the most accurate
model of the structure of an atom?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Spherical Cloud
Tiny solid sphere
Tiny solar system
Chocolate chip cookie
Which scientist is considered the Father of
Chemistry because of his atomic theory?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
J.J. Thomson
Neils Bohr
John Dalton
James Chadwick
Learning Checks
•Return your remote
• Read & Complete p.10 – 11
“Particles of Matter”
Review Questions
•Ready your
remote
Which part of Dalton’s Atomic theory was
later found out to be incorrect?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Atoms of different elements are different
Atoms are tiny unbreakable spheres
Atoms combine in specific ratios
Different atoms have different masses
Which of the following is the most accurate
model of the structure of an atom?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Tiny solid sphere
Tiny solar system
Spherical Cloud
Chocolate chip cookie
Atomic Structure Notes
•PAGE 3
Subatomic Particles
• An atom consists of a
positive core called a
nucleus, which contains
positive protons and neutral
neutrons.
• This nucleus is surrounded
by a cloud of negatively
charged electrons.
The Charge of Atoms
• Alone, atoms are electrically
neutral.
• This means that they have no
OVERALL electric charge.
• The positive charge of an
atom is exactly equal to its
negative charge.
The Negative of Atoms
• The extremely rapid
movement of electrons
forms the cloud of negative
charge outside an atom’s
nucleus.
• Each electron has a charge
of -1.
The Positive of Atoms
• The nucleus of an atom holds
a positive charge due to the
presence of protons.
• Each proton has a charge
exactly opposite to that of
an electron equaling +1.
The Nucleus of an Atom
• The nucleus of an atom
contains the bulk of the
mass of the atom.
• In it are positively charged
protons and neutrons, which
have NO charge.
Atomic Mass Unit
• Because atoms are so small,
we use a special unit of
measurement called an
atomic mass unit.
• An atomic mass unit is really
-27
equal to about 1.66 x 10
kg.
Masses of Subatomic Particles
• A Proton’s mass = 1 a.m.u.
• A Neutron’s mass = 1 a.m.u.
• A Electron’s mass = 0 a.m.u.*
*An electron has a mass of 1/1836th
of a proton (which is relatively
insignificant)
Charges of Subatomic Particles
• A Proton’s charge = +1
• A Neutron’s charge =
0
• A Electron’s charge = 1
COMPLETE THIS TABLE
Subatomic
Particle
Mass
Charge
Location
Proton
Neutron
Electron
COMPLETE THIS TABLE
Subatomic
Particle
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Mass
1 amu
1 amu
0 amu
Charge
+1
0
-1
electron
Location nucleus nucleus
cloud
Exit Questions
Ready your remote
Which of the following is the most accurate
model of the structure of an atom?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Tiny solid sphere
Tiny solar system
Spherical electron cloud
Chocolate chip cookie
Which of the following has a positive
charge?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Beta particle
Which of the following has a mass of 1 amu?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Proton & Neutron
Modern Atomic Theory
Return your remote
Atom – Bill Nye VIDEO
Read & complete PACKET
pages 12-13“What is
Matter?”
Entrance Review Questions
•Ready your
remote
Which of the following has a mass of 1 amu?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Proton & Neutron
Which of the following has no considerable
mass (effectively making it 0 amu?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Proton & Neutron
Which subatomic particle has a negative
charge?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Positron
Which subatomic particle has a positive
charge?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Beta particle
Which subatomic particle has no overall
charge?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Quark
Atomic Structure Notes
•PAGE 4
Atomic Number
• The atomic number is the
number of protons in an
atom.
• It is a unique property that
identifies the element.
• (If it has a different
number of protons it is a
Atomic Number
• For example, an atom with 6
protons would be carbon.
• But if a proton could be
knocked free, then it would
become boron, because
boron has 5 protons!!!
What is the atomic number of oxygen?
(USE THE PERIODIC TABLE)
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
2
8
16
24
How many protons does an oxygen atom
have?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
2
8
16
24
What is the atomic number of calcium?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
6
17
20
40
How many protons are there in a calcium
atom?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
6
17
20
40
How many protons are there in an argon
atom?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
18
40
48
58
Mass Number
• Since electrons have virtually
no mass (1/1836th of a proton),
the mass of an atom is
determined by adding only the
number of protons & neutrons
and is called its mass number.
Mass Number
• Mass Number is also referred to
as Atomic Mass or Atomic
Weight
• Mass # = # protons + #
neutrons
• Model of the Atom video clip
What is the mass # of an atom with 2
protons, 2 neutrons, & 2 electrons?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
2
4
6
8
What is the mass # of an atom with 3
protons, 4 neutrons, & 3 electrons?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
3
6
7
10
What is the atomic # of an atom with 3
protons, 4 neutrons, & 3 electrons?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
3
6
7
10
What type of atom would have 3 protons, 4
neutrons, & 3 electrons?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Lithium
Beryllium
Nitrogen
Neon
What is the mass # of an atom with 9
protons, 10 neutrons, & 9 electrons?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
9
10
19
28
What is the atomic # of an atom with 5
protons, 6 neutrons, & 5 electrons?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
5
6
10
11
Review Questions
•Return your remote
• Complete PACKET p.15 –
16 “The Amazing Atom”
JOURNAL # 1: Half Sheet
Create a table showing
the mass, charge, &
location of each
subatomic particle.
Entrance Questions
Return your remote
Get in groups of 2 – 4
Get 1
&1
&1
per group
Atom Building
4
MASS #
This is a shorthand way
chemists use
to write down a
lot of info
about an
atom!!
He
2
ATOMIC #
Chemical
Symbol
Atom Building
MASS # = neutrons + protons
We can also
figure out the
number of
protons
neutrons &
electrons from
this info
4
He
2
ATOMIC # = protons
= electrons, if neutral
Neutrons = MASS# – ATOMIC #
Atom Building
Using the protons,
M#=n+p=
neutrons, &
electrons
provided, create a
model of this
helium atom.
(It has 2 protons,
2 neutrons, & 2
A# = p =
=e
electrons.)
RECORD THIS
INFO ON YOUR
ATOM BUILDING
n= M# – A# =
WORKSHEET
4
He
2
2
Atom Building
1
Continue Atom
Building with this
atom and record all
the information on
the Atom Building
work sheet
H
1
Atom Building
9
Build this atom and
record all the
information on the
Atom Building work
sheet
Be
4
Atom Building
12
Build this atom and
record all the
information on the
Atom Building work
sheet
C
6
Atom Building
19
Build this atom and
record all the
information on the
Atom Building work
sheet
F
9
Atom Building
20
Build this atom and
record all the
information on the
Atom Building work
sheet
Ne
10
Quiz
No Talking or Sharing
Answers
When you finish turn your quiz
face down on the desk wait
quietly for further directions
You have 15 minutes
Atom Building
Pass in your Quiz
Get in groups from yesterday
Get 1
&1
&1
per group
Atom Building
14
Build this atom and
record all the
information on the
Atom Building work
sheet
N
7
Atom Building
24
Build this atom and
record all the
information on the
Atom Building work
sheet
Mg
12
Atom Building
23
Build this atom and
record all the
information on the
Atom Building work
sheet
Na
11
Atom Building
• Don’t forget to clean up
your Atom Building
Particles before you leave.
• Complete pages 17 – 18
“Observing Atoms”
Entrance Questions
Ready your remote
Which of the following is the most accurate
model of the structure of an atom?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Tiny solid sphere
Tiny solar system
Spherical electron cloud
Chocolate chip cookie
Which of the following has a positive
charge?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Beta particle
Which of the following has a mass of 1 amu?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Proton & Neutron
Which of the following has a mass of 1 amu?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Proton & Neutron
Which of the following has a mass of 1 amu?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Proton & Neutron
How do you find the mass # of an atom?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Protons
Neutrons
Protons + Neutrons
Protons + Neutrons + Electrons
How do you find the atomic # of an atom?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Protons
Neutrons
Protons + Neutrons
Protons + Neutrons + Electrons
What is the mass # of an atom with 6
protons, 8 neutrons, & 6 electrons?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
6
12
14
20
What type of atom would have 4 protons, 6
neutrons, & 4 electrons?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Lithium
Beryllium
Nitrogen
Neon
Atoms Review
• Half a sheet of paper with your
neighbor!
• Draw and identify each of the
following atoms of elements, labeling
properly the protons, neutrons, and
electrons in their correct locations.
• Pay attention and copy the example
that we do together as a class!
Atoms & Chemical Bonding
Flip Chart
Atomic #
Protons
Electrons
Bohr Models
Valence Electrons
Electron Dot Diagram
Ionic Bond
Mass #
Neutrons
Energy Level
Charge
Valence Shell
Oxidation #
Covalent Bond
Entrance Questions
Ready your remote
Notes - Isotopes
• Turn to page 5 of your Atomic
Structure Packet
Isotopes
• All atoms of a certain element
will have EXACTLY the same
amount of protons, however,
some atoms of the same
element may have DIFFERING
numbers of neutrons.
• These are called isotopes of
that element.
Isotopes
• Isotopes have the SAME
number of protons, but a
DIFFERENT number of
neutrons.
• Since isotopes have
DIFFERENT amounts of
neutrons, they will have
DIFFERENT mass numbers!!!
Isotopes
• Isotopes are referred to as
the element followed by the
mass number.
• Carbon-12 has a mass of 12.
Carbon-13 has a mass of 13.
Carbon-14 has a mass of 14.
Average Mass Number
• SPECIAL NOTE:
The mass numbers listed on the
periodic table are AVERAGE
MASS NUMBERS of those
elements, because each element
may a have a number of
different isotopes!!!
Examples of Isotopes
Carbon-12
Carbon-14
___ protons
___ protons
___ neutrons
___ neutrons
___ electrons
___ electrons
Examples of Isotopes
Carbon-12
Carbon-14
6 protons
6 protons
6 neutrons
8 neutrons
6 electrons
6 electrons
Examples of Isotopes
Neon-20
Neon-22
____ protons
____ protons
____ neutrons
____ neutrons
____ electrons
____ electrons
Examples of Isotopes
Neon-20
Neon-22
10 protons
10 protons
10 neutrons
12 neutrons
10 electrons
10 electrons
Examples of Isotopes
Sodium-23
Sodium-24
____ protons
____ protons
____ neutrons
____ neutrons
____ electrons
____ electrons
Examples of Isotopes
Sodium-23
Sodium-24
11 protons
11 protons
12 neutrons
13 neutrons
11 electrons
11 electrons
Examples of Isotopes
Phosphorus-31
Phosphorus-32
____ protons
____ protons
____ neutrons
____ neutrons
____ electrons
____ electrons
Examples of Isotopes
Phosphorus-31 Phosphorus-32
15 protons
15 protons
16 neutrons
17 neutrons
15 electrons
15 electrons
Examples of Isotopes
Iron-56
Iron-58
____ protons
____ protons
____ neutrons
____ neutrons
____ electrons
____ electrons
Examples of Isotopes
Iron-56
Iron-58
26 protons
26 protons
30 neutrons
32 neutrons
26 electrons
26 electrons
Examples of Isotopes
Chlorine-35
Chlorine-37
____ protons
____ protons
____ neutrons
____ neutrons
____ electrons
____ electrons
Examples of Isotopes
Chlorine-35
Chlorine-37
17 protons
17 protons
18 neutrons
20 neutrons
17 electrons
17 electrons
Review Questions
Ready your remote
What do you call atoms that have the same
number of protons, but different masses?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Heavy atoms
Radioactive atoms
Isotopes
Ions
What is the mass # of an atom with 9
protons, 10 neutrons, & 9 electrons?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
9
10
19
28
What is the mass # of an atom with 9
protons, 11 neutrons, & 9 electrons?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
29
20
18
9
What is the mass # of an atom with 9
protons, 12 neutrons, & 9 electrons?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
9
12
21
30
Isotopes
Return your remote
VIDEO CLIP REVIEW:
Protons, Neutrons, Electrons - Isotopes
Complete PACKET pages
Entrance Questions
Ready your remote
What do you call atoms that have the same
atomic number, but different mass numbers?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Isotopes
Ions
Heavy atoms
Radioactive atoms
What is the atomic number of calcium?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
6
17
20
40
What is the mass # of an atom with 9
protons, 10 neutrons, & 9 electrons?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
9
10
19
28
End of Entrance Questions
Return your remote
Get in groups of 2 – 4
Get 1
&1
&1“
per
group
Atom Building - Isotopes
4
MASS #
Remember the
short- hand
way chemists
use to write
down a lot of
info about an
atom?
He
2
ATOMIC #
Chemical
Symbol
Atom Building - Isotopes
MASS # = neutrons + protons 4
We can figure
out the
number of
protons
neutrons &
electrons from
this info
He
2
ATOMIC # = protons
= electrons, if neutral
Neutrons = MASS# – ATOMIC #
Atom Building - Isotopes
M # = n + p =4
Using the protons,
neutrons, &
electrons
provided, create a
model of this
helium atom.
(It has 2 protons,
2 neutrons, & 2
electrons.)
He
A# = p =
2 =e
n= M# – A# =
2
Atom Building - Isotopes
5
Continue Atom
Building with this
isotope of helium
and record all the
information on the
Atom Building work
sheet
He
2
Atom Building - Isotopes
7
Build this atom and
record all the
information on the
Atom Building –
Isotopes work sheet
Li
3
Atom Building - Isotopes
8
Build this atom and
record all the
information on the
Atom Building –
Isotopes work sheet
Li
3
Atom Building - Isotopes
12
Build this atom and
record all the
information on the
Atom Building –
Isotopes work sheet
C
6
Atom Building - Isotopes
14
Build this atom and
record all the
information on the
Atom Building –
Isotopes work sheet
C
6
Atom Building - Isotopes
20
Build this atom and
record all the
information on the
Atom Building –
Isotopes work sheet
F
9
Atom Building - Isotopes
21
Build this atom and
record all the
information on the
Atom Building –
Isotopes work sheet
F
9
Atom Building - Isotopes
22
Build this atom and
record all the
information on the
Atom Building –
Isotopes work sheet
Ne
10
Atom Building - Isotopes
20
Build this atom and
record all the
information on the
Atom Building –
Isotopes work sheet
Ne
10
Atom Building - Isotopes
• Don’t forget to turn in your
“Atom Building – Isotopes”
work sheet into your class bin
before you leave.
• Complete PACKET page
21“Atoms R Us”
Entrance Questions
Ready your remote
What type of atom would have 7 protons, 8
neutrons, & 10 electrons?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Lithium
Beryllium
Nitrogen
Neon
What is the mass # of an atom with 5
protons, 6 neutrons, & 5 electrons?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
10
16
5
11
What would be the charge of an atom
with 7 protons, 7 neutrons, & 8 electrons?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
-1
0
+1
+2
What would be the charge of an atom with
15 protons, 16 neutrons, & 18 electrons?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
-3
-1
+1
+3
End of Entrance Questions
Return your remote
Get in groups of 2 – 4
Get 1
&1
&1“
per group
Atom Building – Isotopes & Ions
Remember the shorthand way chemists
use to write down a
lot of info about an
atom?
23
MASS #
Na
11
ATOMIC #
Chemical
Symbol
Atom Building – Isotopes & Ions
Chemists
also add
charge to
the upper
right of the
chemical
symbol
23
+1
CHARGE
MASS #
Na
11
ATOMIC #
Chemical
Symbol
Atom Building – Isotopes & Ions
By definition,
The atomic
number is the
number of
protons, so it
WILL NOT
CHANGE.
23
+1
M# = n+p
Na
11
A# = p
CHARGE =
p–e
Chemical
Symbol
Atom Building – Isotopes & Ions
23
+1
M# = n+p
Na
11
CHARGE =
p–e
Chemical
Symbol
A# = p
# electrons = # protons – CHARGE
Atom Building – Isotopes & Ions
M# = n+p =
23
+1
Na
A# = p =
11
CHARGE =
p–e
Chemical
Symbol
# electrons = 11 – (+1) =
# neutrons = M# – A# = 23 – 11 =
Atom Building – Isotopes & Ions
7
Continue Atom
Building with this
lithium atom and
record all the
information on the
“Atom Building –
Isotopes & Ions”
work sheet
Li
3
Atom Building – Isotopes & Ions
7
Build this ion and
record all the
information on the
“Atom Building –
Isotopes & Ions”
work sheet
+1
Li
3
Atom Building – Isotopes & Ions
10
Build this atom and
record all the
information on the
“Atom Building –
Isotopes & Ions”
work sheet
+2
Be
4
Atom Building – Isotopes & Ions
20
Build this atom and
record all the
information on the
“Atom Building –
Isotopes & Ions”
work sheet
-1
F
9
Atom Building – Isotopes & Ions
14
Build this atom and
record all the
information on the
“Atom Building –
Isotopes & Ions”
work sheet
-3
N
7
Atom Building – Isotopes & Ions
18
Build this atom and
record all the
information on the
“Atom Building –
Isotopes & Ions”
work sheet
-2
O
8
Atom Building – Isotopes & Ions
12
Build this atom and
record all the
information on the
“Atom Building –
Isotopes & Ions”
work sheet
+3
B
5
Atom Building – Isotopes & Ions
3
Build this atom and
record all the
information on the
“Atom Building –
Isotopes & Ions”
work sheet
H
1
Atom Building – Isotopes & Ions
14
Build this atom and
record all the
information on the
“Atom Building –
Isotopes & Ions”
work sheet
C
6
Atom Building – Isotopes & Ions
16
Build this atom and
record all the
information on the
“Atom Building –
Isotopes & Ions”
work sheet
-2
O
8
Atom Building – Isotopes & Ions
• Don’t forget to turn in your
“Atom Building – Isotopes &
Ions” work sheet into your
class bin before you leave.
• Complete PACKET page 22
“Parts of An Atom”
JOURNAL ENTRY
• Turn to Journal # 2
JOURNAL #2
Draw Models of the following atoms:
20
20
F
9
-1
F
9
25
25
Mg
12
+2
Mg
12
Energy Level Smarts!!!
• YOU MAY EAT THE
SMARTIES AT THE END OF
CLASS!!!!
• UNTIL FURTHER NOTICE,
THEY ARE ELECTRONS
Entrance Questions
Ready your remote
What is the mass # of an atom with 8
protons, 10 neutrons, & 10 electrons?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
8
10
18
20
What would be the charge of an atom with
8 protons, 10 neutrons, & 10 electrons?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
-2
0
+1
+2
What is the mass # of an atom with 9
protons, 10 neutrons, & 9 electrons?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
9
10
19
28
Atomic Structure Notes
• Turn to page 7 of your Atomic
Structure Packet
The Electron Cloud
• Even though electrons move
haphazardly outside the
nucleus, there are certain
regions where an electron is
more likely to be.
• We call these regions energy
levels. (They are also referred
to as orbitals or shells).
Energy Levels
• Electrons have more energy as
they get further away from the
nucleus.
• The higher the energy, the
further away from the nucleus.
• (The first energy level is
closest to the nucleus)
Energy Levels
• Electrons will usually be
found in the lowest energy
level possible.
• Each energy level has a
maximum number of
electrons it will contain at a
time.
Energy Level Capacity
Energy Level
Name
Max # Electrons
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
2
8
18
32
32?
32?
32?
Electrons in Energy Levels
• Electrons will first be located
in the lowest energy levels
• When lower energy levels are
full, additional electrons will be
in the next lowest energy level
**It does get more complicated
than just filling the lowest
levels first.**
Lots of Energy Levels!?!
• In energy levels that can contain
more than 8 electrons...
• Once the lowest energy level
contains 8 electrons, the next 2
electrons will be found in the
next highest energy level,
before filling that lower level
Hydrogen’s ? Electron
Energy Level
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
# Electrons
Hydrogen’s 1 Electron
Energy Level
# Electrons
1st
1
2nd
-
3rd
-
4th
-
Carbon’s ? Electrons
Energy Level
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
# Electrons
Carbon’s 6 Electrons
Energy Level
# Electrons
1st
2
2nd
4
3rd
-
4th
-
Neon’s ? Electrons
Energy Level
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
# Electrons
Neon’s 10 Electrons
Energy Level
# Electrons
1st
2
2nd
8
3rd
-
4th
-
Aluminum’s ? Electrons
Energy Level
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
# Electrons
Aluminum’s 13 Electrons
Energy Level
# Electrons
1st
2
2nd
8
3rd
3
4th
-
Calcium’s ? Electrons
Energy Level
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
# Electrons
Calcium’s 20 Electrons
Energy Level
# Electrons
1st
2
2nd
8
3rd
8
4th
2
Iron’s ? Electrons
Energy Level
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
# Electrons
Iron’s 26 Electrons
Energy Level
# Electrons
1st
2
2nd
8
3rd
14
4th
2
Review Questions
Ready your remote
You may now eat your
electrons… or
Smarties
How many electrons are in the 3rd
energy level of a magnesium atom?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
2
6
12
24
How many electrons are in the 2nd
energy level of a nitrogen atom?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
2
5
7
8
How many electrons are in the 3rd
energy level of a chlorine atom?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
2
7
9
17
Energy Levels
Return your remote
Entrance Questions
Ready your remote
What is the mass # of an atom with 10
protons, 11 neutrons, & 10 electrons?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
10
21
20
31
What is the charge of an atom with 15
protons, 16 neutrons, & 18 electrons?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
-3
-1
+1
+3
JOURNAL # 3
Create a table showing the
maximum number of electrons
in each energy level.
Share the “special rule” for
electrons in the 3rd through 7th
energy levels.
Energy Level Capacity
Energy Level
Name
Max # Electrons
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
2
8
18
32
32?
32?
32?
Bohr Models
• Because these different energy
levels exist, a Bohr model or
(electron shell diagram) is a
good visual of the location of
electrons.
• Remember this is NOT what an
atom really looks like, but is
much more organized than
reality.
Drawing Bohr Models
• It is a simple drawing of a number
of concentric circles.
• The innermost circle contains
information about the nucleus
(The number of protons &
neutrons)
• The next circle out would be the
1st energy level, the next circle
out the 2nd energy level, then the
3rd, and so on.
Electron Shell Diagram of
Carbon
Electron Shell Diagram of
Aluminum
Electron Shell Diagram
of Calcium
Electron Shell Diagram
of Iron
Review Questions
Ready your remote
How many electrons are in the 3rd
energy level of a chlorine atom?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
2
7
9
17
How many electrons are in the 2nd
energy level of an oxygen atom?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
2
4
6
8
What is the maximum number of electrons
in the 3rd energy level?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
2
6
8
18
Assignments
1.) Place your remote inside the
correct pocket!!
2. )Complete p.23-24 Bohr Models
JOURNAL #4
Draw BOHR MODELS of the following atoms:
17
20
O
8
-1
F
9
28
27
Al
13
+3
Al
13
Review Questions
Ready your remote
How many protons are in oxygen-18?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
8
9
10
18
How many neutrons are in oxygen-18?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
8
9
10
18
How many protons are in phosphorus-32?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
15
16
17
32
How many neutrons are in phosphorus-32?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
15
16
17
32
How many electrons would be in an atom
with a neutral charge ( equal to 0)?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
One less than a neutral atom
One more than a neutral atom
Two more than a neutral atom
Same as the protons
How many electrons would be in an atom
with a charge of -1?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
One less than a neutral atom
One more than a neutral atom
Two more than a neutral atom
Same as the protons
How many electrons would be in an atom
with a charge of +1?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
One less than a neutral atom
One more than a neutral atom
Two more than a neutral atom
Same as the protons
Assignments
1.) Return your remote
2.) Complete PACKET p.25 Atomic Alphabet
LIST ONLY IMPORTANT TERMS
(NOT NAMES OF ELEMENTS)
SOME LETTERS MAY BE BLANK
3.) Your Packet should be complete now
4.) Atomic Structure Test FRI Jan 6
Atoms & Chemical Bonding
Flip Chart
Atomic #
Protons
Electrons
Bohr Models
Valence Electrons
Electron Dot Diagram
Ionic Bond
Mass #
Neutrons
Energy Level
Charge
Valence Shell
Oxidation #
Covalent Bond