Download Thermal Energy Thermal Energy

Thermal Energy
Thermal Energy
How does thermal
energy work?
Important terms to know:
 Temperature:
Important terms to know:
 Temperature: A measure of the
average kinetic energy of the
individual particles in matter.
Important terms to know:
 Temperature: A measure of the
average kinetic energy of the
individual particles in matter.

Low temperatures = low kinetic
energy
Important terms to know:
 Temperature: A measure of the
average kinetic energy of the
individual particles in matter.
Low temperatures = low kinetic
energy
 High temperatures = high kinetic
energy

Important terms to know:
 Temperature: continued

Thermometers: As the liquid in the
thermometer heats up its volume
increases (rises) and as it cools
off its volume goes down (drops).
Important terms to know:
 Temperature: continued

Scales: The three common scales are
Fahrenheit, Celsius, and the Kelvin
scales.
Important terms to know:
 Temperature: continued

Scales: The three common scales are
Fahrenheit, Celsius, and the Kelvin
scales.
 Fahrenheit: Used in the United States.
Important terms to know:
 Temperature: continued

Scales: The three common scales are
Fahrenheit, Celsius, and the Kelvin
scales.
 Fahrenheit: Used in the United States.
 Celsius: Used nearly everywhere else.
Important terms to know:
 Temperature: continued

Scales: The three common scales are
Fahrenheit, Celsius, and the Kelvin
scales.
 Fahrenheit: Used in the United States.
 Celsius: Used nearly everywhere else.
 Kelvin: Commonly used in the physical
sciences.
Important terms to know:
 Temperature: continued

Conversions:
Important terms to know:
 Temperature: continued
Conversions:
 °K = °C + 273

Important terms to know:
 Temperature: continued
Conversions:
 °K = °C + 273
 °C = °K - 273

Important terms to know:
 Temperature: continued
Conversions:
 °K = °C + 273
 °C = °K - 273
 °C = 5/9(°F – 32)

Important terms to know:
 Temperature: continued
Conversions:
 °K = °C + 273
 °C = °K - 273
 °C = 5/9(°F – 32)
 °F = 9/5°C + 32

Thermal Energy:
 Thermal Energy depends on:
Thermal Energy:
 Thermal Energy depends on:

the number of particles an object has.
Thermal Energy:
 Thermal Energy depends on:


the number of particles an object has.
the temperature of an object.
Thermal Energy:
 Thermal Energy depends on:



the number of particles an object has.
the temperature of an object.
the arrangement of the object’s particles.
Thermal Energy:
 Thermal Energy depends on:



the number of particles an object has.
the temperature of an object.
the arrangement of the object’s particles.
 Heat:
Thermal Energy:
 Thermal Energy depends on:



the number of particles an object has.
the temperature of an object.
the arrangement of the object’s particles.
 Heat:

Thermal energy that moves from a warmer
object to a cooler object.
Thermal Energy:
 Thermal Energy depends on:



the number of particles an object has.
the temperature of an object.
the arrangement of the object’s particles.
 Heat:


Thermal energy that moves from a warmer
object to a cooler object.
Thermal energy only becomes heat when it
is transferred.
Thermal Energy:
 Thermal Energy depends on:
 the number of particles an object has.
 the temperature of an object.
 the arrangement of the object’s particles.
 Heat:
 Thermal energy that moves from a warmer
object to a cooler object.
 Thermal energy only becomes heat when it

is transferred.
It’s unit of measure is “Joules”.
Thermal Energy:
 Specific Heat:
Thermal Energy:
 Specific Heat: The amount of energy
required to raise 1 g of a material by 1
°C.
Thermal Energy:
 Specific Heat: The amount of energy
required to raise 1 g of a material by 1
°C.
 Measured in joules per kilogram-Celsius
Thermal Energy:
 Specific Heat: The amount of energy
required to raise 1 g of a material by 1
°C.
 Measured in joules per kilogram-Kelvin

J/(kg*C)
Thermal Energy:
 Common specific heats:







Aluminum:
Copper
Glass
Ice
Iron
Sand
Water
903 J/(kg*C)
385
837
2,060
450
800
4,180
Heat Transfer:
 Heat is transferred by three
different methods.
Heat Transfer:
 Heat is transferred by three
different methods.

Conduction: The transfer of heat
without the movement of matter.
Heat Transfer:
 Heat is transferred by three
different methods.

Conduction: The transfer of heat
without the movement of matter.
A
metal spoon in a pan of hot water
(the spoon gets hot over time).
Heat Transfer:
 Heat is transferred by three
different methods.

Convection: The transfer of heat
by the movement of currents
within a fluid.
Heat Transfer:
 Heat is transferred by three
different methods.

Convection: The transfer of heat
by the movement of currents
within a fluid.
 Water
heating up in a pot on the
stove (you can see the water
moving).
Heat Transfer:
 Heat is transferred by three
different methods.

Convection: The transfer of heat
by the movement of currents
within a fluid.
 Water
heating up in a pot on the
stove (you can see the water
moving).
 Convection currents?!?!
Convection current:
Cool !!!
Molecules:
Heating
Up
Cooling
Off
The circular flow is due to the
heating and cooling of
molecules which changes their
density.
HOT !!!
Heat Transfer:
 Heat is transferred by three
different methods.

Radiation: The transfer of energy
by electromagnetic waves.
Heat Transfer:
 Heat is transferred by three
different methods.

Radiation: The transfer of energy
by electromagnetic waves.
A
fireplace warming a room.
Heat Transfer:
 Heat is transferred by three
different methods.

Radiation: The transfer of energy
by electromagnetic waves.
A
fireplace warming a room.
 Does not require matter to transfer
thermal energy (the sun).
Heat Transfer:
 Heat flow:
Heat Transfer:
 Heat flow:

Heat transfer goes in one
direction.
Heat Transfer:
 Heat flow:

Heat transfer goes in one
direction.
 Heat
leaves the warmer object and
goes to the cooler object.
Heat Transfer:
 Heat flow:

Heat transfer goes in one
direction.
 Heat
leaves the warmer object and
goes to the cooler object.
 This will continue until the two
objects have the same temperature.
Heat Transfer:
 Conductors:
Heat Transfer:
 Conductors: A material that transfers
thermal energy well, partially because its
atoms or molecules are close together.
Heat Transfer:
 Conductors: A material that transfers
thermal energy well, partially because its
atoms or molecules are close together.
 Silver
 Stainless steel
 tile
Heat Transfer:
 Conductors: A material that transfers
thermal energy well, partially because its
atoms or molecules are close together.
 Silver
 Stainless steel
 tile
 Insulators:
Heat Transfer:
 Conductors: A material that transfers
thermal energy well, partially because its
atoms or molecules are close together.
 Silver
 Stainless steel
 tile
 Insulators: A material that does not
transfer thermal energy very well, partially
because its atoms or molecules are not
closely packed together.
Heat Transfer:
 Conductors: A material that transfers thermal
energy well, partially because its atoms or
molecules are close together.
 Silver
 Stainless steel
 tile
 Insulators: A material that does not transfer
thermal energy very well, partially because its atoms
or molecules are not closely packed together.




Wood
Wool
Paper
Atmospheric gases
Thermal Expansion:
Does matter matter with
thermal energy?
Matter:
 What is matter?
Matter:
 What is matter?

Has mass
Matter:
 What is matter?
Has mass
 Takes up space (has volume)

Matter:
 The three states of matter:
Matter:
 The three states of matter:

Solids
 Has
a fixed shape
 Has a fixed volume
Matter:
 The three states of matter:

Solids
 Has
a fixed shape
 Has a fixed volume

Liquids
 Has
a shape that can change
 Has a fixed volume
Matter:
 The three states of matter:

Solids
 Has
a fixed shape
 Has a fixed volume

Liquids
 Has
a shape that can change
 Has a fixed volume

Gases
 Has
a shape that can change.
 Has a volume that can change.
Matter:
Matter:
 The fourth state of matter is
plasma.
Matter:
 The fourth state of matter is
plasma.

Plasma is the highest energy state of
matter (moving super fast).
Matter:
 The fourth state of matter is
plasma.
Plasma is the highest energy state of
matter (moving super fast).
 Very, very, very, very, very hot!!!

Matter:
 The fourth state of matter is
plasma.
Plasma is the highest energy state of
matter (moving super fast).
 Very, very, very, very, very hot!!!
 Found in places like our sun.

Matter:
 The fourth state of matter is
plasma.
Plasma is the highest energy state of
matter (moving super fast).
 Very, very, very, very, very hot!!!
 Found in places like our sun.
 Not always considered a state of
matter.

Matter:
 Changes in states of matter:
Matter:
 Changes in states of matter:

Matter can change from any state to
any other state by adding energy.
Matter:
 Changes in states of matter:
Matter can change from any state to
any other state by adding energy.
 The temperature does not change
until the change of state is
complete.

Thermal Expansion:
 When an object is heated it
usually responds to the heat.
Thermal Expansion:
 When an object is heated it
usually responds to the heat.

One response is for the particles
of the object to move faster and
spread out (increasing volume).
Thermal Expansion:
 When an object is heated it
usually responds to the heat.
One response is for the particles
of the object to move faster and
spread out (increasing volume).
 This causes the object to expand
and is called thermal expansion.

Thermal Expansion
examples:
 When thermometers are exposed
to warmer temperatures.
Thermal Expansion
examples:
 When thermometers are exposed
to warmer temperatures.
 Thermostats in your home.
Thermal Expansion
examples:
 When thermometers are exposed
to warmer temperatures.
 Thermostats in your home.
 Sidewalks
Thermal Expansion
examples:
 When thermometers are exposed
to warmer temperatures.
 Thermostats in your home.
 Sidewalks
 Bridges
Thermal Expansion
examples:
 When thermometers are exposed
to warmer temperatures.
 Thermostats in your home.
 Sidewalks
 Bridges
 Jars (pickles, jelly, etc…)
Thermal Expansion:
 Contraction:
Thermal Expansion:
 Contraction:
1.
The heat source gets removed.
Thermal Expansion:
 Contraction:
1.
2.
The heat source gets removed.
The particles move less and take
up less space.
Thermal Expansion:
 Contraction:
1.
2.
3.
The heat source gets removed.
The particles move less and take
up less space.
The size of the object decreases.