Download Goals of the Plasma Accelerator (Joshi

UCLA
UCLA Advanced Accelerator Program
(excluding PWFA@FFTB)
J. Rosenzweig
Representing: D. Cline, C. Joshi, W.
Mori, C. Pellegrini
HEPAP AARD Subpanel
Palo Alto, December 21, 2005
UCLA Plasma Accelerator Group
Joshi/Mori Group
UCLA Program on
Plasma Based Accelerators
C. Joshi, P.I.
W. Mori, Co-P.I.
C. Clayton, Co-P.I.
Administrative Support
Maria Guerrero, 50%
EXPERIMENTS
Dr. Chris Clayton
Dr. Sergei Tochitsky
Ken Marsh
Jay Sung, Neptune Lab
Joe Ralph, Neptune Lab
Devon Johnson, SLAC
Fang Fang, Neptune Lab
David Auerbach, SLAC
UCLA
Staff
Students
Collaborators:
Professors J. Rosenzweig & C. Pellegrini
Professor R. Siemann, Dr. M. Hogan (SLAC)
Professors T. Katsouleas & P. Muggli (USC)
Professor B. Dangor, Dr. Z. Najmudin (IC-UK)
THEORY & SIMULATIONS
Professor Warren Mori
Dr. Frank Tsung, (Postdoc, 10%)
Chengkun Huang, Neptune, SLAC, (Postdoc 10%)
Wei Lu, Neptune, SLAC
Students
Miaomiao Zhou, Neptune, SLAC
Goals of the Plasma Accelerator
(Joshi-Mori) Group @ UCLA
UCLA
1. Source of new ideas and techniques for
plasma based acceleration–Long Range
2. Vigorous in-house experimental program
on advanced accelerator research–Long
Range
3. Plasma wakefield scheme as an
afterburner for linear collider–medium range
4. Massively parallel computations for
advanced accelerator research–medium range
5. Train students and postdocs
Statistical Data
1.
UCLA
Funding: DOE-HEP @ $1 million/yr average since 1987
SciDAC ~ $170 K /year
Theory and Simulations
NSF ~ $150 K/year
2.
Facilities: Neptune @ UCLA, 1998 - present
FFTB @ SLAC, 1999 - present
SABER @ SLAC, as soon as it is built
3.
Users at Neptune: Joshi, Rosenzweig, Pellegrini, Muggli,
Katsouleas
1. Source of New Ideas
UCLA
•
•
•
•
•
Plasma Beat Wave Accelerator (PBWA)
Plasma Wakefield Accelerator (PWFA)
Laser Wakefield Accelerator (LWFA)
Plasma and E.M. Wigglers for FELs
Tunable Radiation Generation Using
Ionizations Fronts
• Plasma Lenses for Focusing particle
Beams
• Cherenkov Radiation from Plasmas
5
In-house Experimental Program on
Plasma Acceleration: Highlights (I)
2.
30% model
25% model
Electrons/MeV
106
Trapping
Energy
105
Everett et. al., Nature 368, 527 (1994)
104
 First demonstration of acceleration
at > 1 GeV/m in plasma
103
102
Injection
Energy
101
100
PBWA
UCLA
1
3
10
Electron energy (MeV)
30
 Energy gain exceeded the trapping
energy
Plasma Lens
Hairapetian et al., PRL 72, 2403 (1994)
 Focusing of a 5 MeV electron beam
by a factor of two using an overdense
plasma lens
 Time dependent focusing demonstrated
2.
In-house Experimental Program on
Plasma Acceleration: Highlights (II)
UCLA
Self Modulated LWFA
Modena et. al., Nature 377, 606 (1995)
 Raman Forward Scattering shown to
be capable of accelerating electrons
 nC of charge, self-trapped and
accelerated in a gas jet experiment
Relativistic Guiding
Clayton et. al., PRL 81, 100 (1998)
 Relativistic guiding of a 20 TW laser
over 20 Rayleigh lengths shown
 A relativistic plasma wave was
shown to reside inside the selfguided channel
In-house Experimental Program on
Plasma Acceleration: Highlights (III)
2.
UCLA
Breaking the 100 MeV barrier
Gordon et al., PRL 80, 2133 (1998)
 Greater than 100 MeV energy gain
in plasmas seen for the first time
 Energy gain greater than linear
dephasing limit
12 MeV Injected Electrons
Electrons/MeV
10
10
Second Generation PBWA Expts
6
Tochitsky et al., PRL 92, 095004 (2004)
4
S
S
100
12A
1
10
15
Noise Level
20
25
30
35
Energy, MeV
35A
40
45
50
 Second generation Plasma Beat
Wave Accelerator experiment in
Neptune shows injected 12 MeV
particles gaining energy out to 50 MeV
3. UCLA Program at SLAC:
UCLA/USC/SLAC Collaboration
1.
UCLA
15 GeV acceleration in 30 cm plasma
(Length Scaling of Energy Gain)
2.
E164X breaks GeV barrier, Hogan et al.,
PRL 95, 054802 (2005)
3.
Matched beam propagation leads to first
acceleration, Muggli et al., PRL 93, 014802
(2004)
4.
Positron acceleration by plasma, Blue et
al., PRL 90, 214801 (2003)
5.
Positron focusing of plasma column,
Hogan et al., PRL 90, 205002 (2003)
6.
Betatron x-ray emission using plasma,
Wang et al., PRL 88, 135004 (2002)
7.
Plasma as a thick focusing optic,
Clayton et al., PRL 88, 154801 (2002)
8.
Refraction of Electron Beam, Muggli et
al., Nature 411, 43 (2001)
Talk by R. Siemann at this meeting
4. MASSIVELY PARALLEL COMPUTATIONS IN AID
OF PLASMA ACCELERATION RESEARCH
UCLA
OSIRIS: (Full PIC)
QuickPIC:
•
Moving window, parallel
•
Dynamic load balancing
•
Field and Impact Ionization
•
Successfully applied to full
3D modeling of LWFA and
PWFA experiments
•
Highly efficient quasi-static model for beamdriven plasma accelerators
•
Fully parallel with dynamic load balancing
•
Ponderomotive guiding center + envelope
models for laser driven
•
ADK model for field ionization
•
At least100x faster than full PIC
afterburner
hosing
E164X
5.
PH.D STUDENTS TRAINED IN PAST
FIVE YEARS
UCLA
Advisor:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Brian Duda, 2000
Shuoqin Wang, 2002
Brent Blue, 2003
Catalin Filip, 2003
Ritesh Narang, 2003
Chengkun Huang, 2005
Mori
Joshi
Joshi
Joshi
Joshi
Mori
Over 25 Ph.Ds granted since group’s inception.
Faculty placed at USC, UCLA, U. Michigan/Nebraska,
Florida A&M, CalState, U. Osaka
5 Student Awards including two Best Ph.D. Thesis Awards
Advanced Accelerator Physics
at UCLA Physics & Astronomy:
Cline Group
UCLA
The Cline group was the first experimental
advanced accelerator group in the UCLA
Physics Dept., formed initially at U. Wisconsin
Members of the group: D. Cline, A. Garren, Y. Fukui, K. Lee, F. Zhou, X. Yang, L. Shao (PhD Student) and
undergraduate students at UCLA
Key collaborators: H. Kirk (BNL), M. Ross (SLAC) W. Kimura (STI), V. Yakimenko, I. Pogorelsky (BNL/ATF), Y. Ho
and Q. Kang (Fudon University)
Muon Collider Collaborators: ILC University Research Program, ATF/BNL Faculty
Goals of team:
(1)
Training of PhD students and postdoctoral people
(2)
The study and design of beam cooling and muon colliders/neutrino factories
(3)
Development of beam monitors for the ILC
(4)
Advanced accelerator concepts at the BNL ATF
Activities of the Cline Advanced
Accelerator Team
UCLA
(1) Training of PhD Students
This group has trained 15 PhD or MS students. Pre-history at Univ. Wisconsin included D. Larson,
J. Rosenzweig, X. Wang; more recently P. He has joined BNL staff
(2) Muon Collider/Neutrino Factory
The modern development of the muon collider was started by this group in 1992 with a meeting in
Napa, California. During the 1990s we held five key conferences and muon collider collaboration
meetings.
Current work:
- The fiber tracker for MICE cooling experiments
- The study of various ring coolers for muon colliders
- The design of a special muon collider to study Higgs bosons that could be
discovered at the LHC (A, H Higgs)
Ring Coolers and Muon Colliders/Higgs Factories
UCLA
David B. Cline
Center for Advanced Accelerators, Department of Physics & Astronomy,
University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
We describe the progress in the simulation of 6D cooling of  beams for
use in neutrino factories and muon beam colliders. We concentrate on the
final cooling needed to reach the emmittance required for a SUSY Higgs
factory using high-pressure gas ring coolers and Li lens ring coolers.
Figure 1. Recent concept for a +- collider Higgs factory.
Laser acceleration at BNL ATF
UCLA
Demonstration of High-Trapping Efficiency and Narrow Energy Spread
in a Laser-Driven Accelerator
W.D. Kimura, et al., Physical Review Letters, 2003
Laser-driven electron accelerators (laser linacs) offer the potential for enabling much more economical and
compact devices. However, the development of practical and efficient laser linacs requires accelerating a large
ensemble of electons together (“trapping”) while keeping their energy spread small. This has never been
realized before for any laser acceleration system. We present here the first demonstration of a high-trapping
efficiency and narrow energy spread via laser acceleration. Trapping efficiencies of up to 80% and energy
spreads down to 0.36% (1) were demonstrated.
Staging, low energy spread demonstrated
Next generation advanced accelerator
scheme: Vacuum laser acceleration
UCLA
ODR (Optical Diffraction Radiation) Beam Size Detector at SLAC FFTB
Experiment in support of ILC diagnostic development
UCLA
Rosenzweig-Pellegrini Group:
the Particle Beam Physics Lab (PBPL)
Group built upon three research thrusts
Advanced
accelerators
Advanced
light sources
High brightness
electron beams
Strong connections between all areas
Common themes: multi-disciplinary, high
energy density (relativistic) interactions,
ultra-fast systems
Basic beam physics and technology
underpins other two areas
Aspects of Research Program
Cutting-edge
experiments
Advanced
technology
Education
Basic theory
Simulation and
advanced computing
 Scientific disciplines touched upon include:
 Beam-plasma interaction; beam material interaction
 Collective beam effects, nonlinear beam dynamics
 Beam-radiation interaction; instabilities
 Device physics: high power microwaves, lasers, THz
 Ultra-fast measurements
Group statistics
Population
Faculty: 2 (new hires coming)
Profession researchers: 2
Technical staff: 5
Graduate students: 7
Undergraduates: 4-6
Financial support (must be diverse!)
DoE HEP: ~780k$/yr (70% Neptune, 30%
off-campus)
Other: ~650k$/yr
DoE BES+LCLS; NSF; LLNL/UC; foreign partners,
industrial partners
UCLA PBPL collaborators
 UCLA EE dept.
 PBWA; high brightness beam studies, sub-ps beams; IFEL
acceleration; laser-structure acceleration
 SLAC
 ORION/E163; LCLS & FEL physics; RF techniques
 BNL ATF
 fsec compression, CSR; FEL physics; RF gun development
 FNAL (recently inactive)
 A0/TESLA injector; Plasma wakefield and lens experiments
 LLNL
 Inverse Compton scattering; basic beam physics, velocity
bunching, micro-focusing
 INFN/Roma/Frascati/Milano
 Electron sources; beam dynamics; ultra-fast measurements
 Past collab.: LANL, ANL AWA, Tel Aviv Univ.
Students
Two way
arepipeline
exposedfortosharing
nationalexpertise;
lab and
university
one-waycollaborators
pipeline for future
throughout
employment
education
PBPL Experimental Facilities
State-of-the-art accelerator/laser labs
Neptune Advanced Accelerator Lab
MARS 2-frequency TW CO2 laser (Joshi)
Cutting edge photoinjector complex
PEGASUS Radiation Lab
Off-campus (PBPL aided in construction)
BNL ATF
SLAC ORION & FFTB
LLNL PLEIADES/FINDER
INFN/LNF SPARC
Pegasus lab at UCLA
Education
 Graduate course yearly: Physics
250
 Introduction and special topics
 Strong USPAS attendance
 Also involved as regular lecturers
 Undergrad. course: Physics 150
 Led to text Fundamentals of Beam
Physics (Oxford, 2003)
 Unified treatment of charged particle
and laser beams
 Research!
 Most projects student-centered
 Hands-on; all aspects of research
 Thesis projects aimed a PRL level
 >90 refereed publications (>70 PR)
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PBPL graduates now spread
throughout accelerator community
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David Robin (CP). Accelerator Physics Group Leader at ALS
Spencer Hartman (CP). Director, Raytheon microwave defense
Gil Travish (JR). UCLA PBPL, associate researcher
Andrei Terebilo (CP). SSRL scientist, SPEAR 3
Nick Barov (JR). Far-Tech, SBIR accelerator technology firm
Mark Hogan (CP). SLAC ARDB scientist
Eric Colby (JR). Panofsky Fellow, SLAC ARDB scientist
Aaron Tremaine (JR). LLNL scientist, PLEIADES Compton source
Xiadong Ding (CP). Titan, medical linacs
Scott Anderson (JR). LLNL scientist, PLEIADES Compton source
Alex Murokh (JR). RadiaBeam, SBIR accelerator technology firm
Pietro Musumeci (CP). Univ. Roma, SPARC FEL project
Matthew Thompson (JR). LLNL post-doc, advanced accelerators/X-rays
Kip Bishofberger (JR). LANL post-doc, high brightness beams
 2006: Joel England (JR), Gerard Andonian (JR), Jay Lim (JR)
 PBPL post-docs: SLAC/ANL/LLNL (5), Industry (1) Univ. (3) , Foreign (1)
“Backbone” of PBPL research:
advanced technology
 Connects advanced accelerators to
conventional community
 Designed and built in-house
 Design codes (students, engineers)
 World-class shop
 RF structures
 1.6 cell RF photocathode gun
 Advanced RF accelerating structures
 RF deflector for fs beam measurements
 Magnetic devices
 Linear, nonlinear beam optics, bends
 Permanent magnet undulators, quads
Qu ickTime™ an d a
TIFF (U ncom pre sse d) de com pres sor
are nee ded to s ee th is p icture .
BNL/SLAC/UCLA 1.6 cell RF
Plane
wave
transformer
injector
gun (>10
made,
still improving)
World’s
record
strength
(560 T/m)
Hybrid traveling
permanent
magnet wave/standing
quadrupole
wave photoinjector
Diverse theoretical
contributions
 Space-charge dominated beams
 Emittance compensation, chicane pulse
compression, velocity bunching
 Plasma wakefields
 Blowout regime, matching, ion collapse
 FEL, Compton scattering
 SASE, spiking, QFEL, TW undulator
 Radiative effects in beams
 CSR, CTR microbunching, diamag. fields
 Dielectric accelerating structures
 Slab symmetric laser-excitation, ultrahigh field wakes
Ion collapse in PWFA
afterburner scenario
J.B. Rosenzweig, et al., PRL
95, 195002 (2005)
Recent Experimental
Results I: Neptune IFEL
 0.5 TW 10 m laser
 Highest recorded IFEL
acceleration
 15 MeV beam accelerated
to over 35 MeV in 25 cm
 First observation of
higher harmonic IFEL
interaction
P. Musumeci, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 154801 (2005)
Energy analysis of Neptune IFEL experiment
Recent Experimental Results II:
Compton scattering @ LLNL
 Applications to:
 Polarized positron
  collider
 300 fs beams from
velocity bunching
 Focusing from PMQ
ultra-strong final focus
 Ultra-high peak
brightness X-rays used
in diffraction studies
 Next stage (nonlinear
Compton) at Neptune
Computed and measured Ta
K-edge diffraction
at PLEIADES
PMQ pattern
final focus
system;
15 micron beam image
D. J. Gibson, et al.,, Phys. Plasmas, 11 2857 (2004)
Recent Experimental Results III:
beam-plasma interaction
Round beam, flat beam
underdense plasma lens images
Experiments at
FNAL A0 lab
Beam ~stopped in
PWFA blowout expt
12 MeV in 8 cm
Spectrometer images (150 MV/m case)
Underdense plasma
lens (nb>np)
Very low aberration
Asymmetric beams
(LC scenario)
Recent Experimental Results IV:
Compression and Coherent Radiation
 13 MeV experiments at
Neptune
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 transverse phase space
bifurcation
 Velocity field dominant
CTR
 70 MeV BNL ATF expts
now underway
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 <100 fs beams
 Coherent “edge” radiation
 Phase space distortions
from acceleration fields
3.5
Normalized signal
3
2.5
2
Neptune slit-based phase space measurement;
uncompressed and compressed beam
S.G. Anderson, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett.,
91, 074803 (2003).
1.5
 =30 m (100 fs)
=173 m
z
1
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
z (m)
ATF/UCLA compressor CER
CTR autocorrelation of bunch length
energy v. RF phase
Recent Experimental Results V:
Ultra-broad spectrum SASE FEL
Ultra-wide measured bandwidth at VISA II
 Bandwidth of up to 15%
observed at high gain
 Start-to-end simulations
give details of
microscopic physics
 Red-shifting of off-axis
modes dominant
G. Andonian, et al., Phys. Rev Lett. 95, 054801 (2005)
w
Output of start-to-end simulations of VISA II
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q
Measurement of double-differential spectrum
Recent Experimental Results VI:
High Gradient Dielectric Wakes
Ez
-1.255E10
0.000150
-1.006E10
-7.560E9
0.000125
-5.065E9
-2.570E9
-7.500E7
0.000075
2.420E9
0.000050
4.915E9
7.410E9
0.000025
9.905E9
0.000000
0.0000
0.0004
0.0008
0.0012
0.0016
0.0020
0.0024
1.240E10
 4 GV/m surface field
 2 GV/m
 Damage post-mortem ongoing
z (m)
Ez from OOPIC simulation of hollow dielectric
tube (OOPIC)
9.00E+009
6.00E+009
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3.00E+009
Ez (V/m)
r (m)
0.000100
 FFTB ultra-short beam, 100 m
aperture tube: over 10 GV/m
 Initial run gave breakdown
threshold
0.00E+000
-3.00E+009
-6.00E+009
-9.00E+009
-1.20E+010
0.0014
0.0016
0.0018
0.0020
0.0022
Z (m)
Ez lineout on-axis
View end of dielectric tube; frames
sorted by increasing peak current
Conclusions
UCLA represents a major resource in the
national accelerator R&D program
Valued collaborator with nat’l labs
Leadership in
Advanced concepts, ideas for future
Computational physics
Technologies
Experiments
Education - development of future leaders
Synergy between beams, HEP, light sources
Hands on and multi-disciplinary program is
very attractive to students
Let’s keep going!