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UCLA UCLA Advanced Accelerator Program (excluding PWFA@FFTB) J. Rosenzweig Representing: D. Cline, C. Joshi, W. Mori, C. Pellegrini HEPAP AARD Subpanel Palo Alto, December 21, 2005 UCLA Plasma Accelerator Group Joshi/Mori Group UCLA Program on Plasma Based Accelerators C. Joshi, P.I. W. Mori, Co-P.I. C. Clayton, Co-P.I. Administrative Support Maria Guerrero, 50% EXPERIMENTS Dr. Chris Clayton Dr. Sergei Tochitsky Ken Marsh Jay Sung, Neptune Lab Joe Ralph, Neptune Lab Devon Johnson, SLAC Fang Fang, Neptune Lab David Auerbach, SLAC UCLA Staff Students Collaborators: Professors J. Rosenzweig & C. Pellegrini Professor R. Siemann, Dr. M. Hogan (SLAC) Professors T. Katsouleas & P. Muggli (USC) Professor B. Dangor, Dr. Z. Najmudin (IC-UK) THEORY & SIMULATIONS Professor Warren Mori Dr. Frank Tsung, (Postdoc, 10%) Chengkun Huang, Neptune, SLAC, (Postdoc 10%) Wei Lu, Neptune, SLAC Students Miaomiao Zhou, Neptune, SLAC Goals of the Plasma Accelerator (Joshi-Mori) Group @ UCLA UCLA 1. Source of new ideas and techniques for plasma based acceleration–Long Range 2. Vigorous in-house experimental program on advanced accelerator research–Long Range 3. Plasma wakefield scheme as an afterburner for linear collider–medium range 4. Massively parallel computations for advanced accelerator research–medium range 5. Train students and postdocs Statistical Data 1. UCLA Funding: DOE-HEP @ $1 million/yr average since 1987 SciDAC ~ $170 K /year Theory and Simulations NSF ~ $150 K/year 2. Facilities: Neptune @ UCLA, 1998 - present FFTB @ SLAC, 1999 - present SABER @ SLAC, as soon as it is built 3. Users at Neptune: Joshi, Rosenzweig, Pellegrini, Muggli, Katsouleas 1. Source of New Ideas UCLA • • • • • Plasma Beat Wave Accelerator (PBWA) Plasma Wakefield Accelerator (PWFA) Laser Wakefield Accelerator (LWFA) Plasma and E.M. Wigglers for FELs Tunable Radiation Generation Using Ionizations Fronts • Plasma Lenses for Focusing particle Beams • Cherenkov Radiation from Plasmas 5 In-house Experimental Program on Plasma Acceleration: Highlights (I) 2. 30% model 25% model Electrons/MeV 106 Trapping Energy 105 Everett et. al., Nature 368, 527 (1994) 104 First demonstration of acceleration at > 1 GeV/m in plasma 103 102 Injection Energy 101 100 PBWA UCLA 1 3 10 Electron energy (MeV) 30 Energy gain exceeded the trapping energy Plasma Lens Hairapetian et al., PRL 72, 2403 (1994) Focusing of a 5 MeV electron beam by a factor of two using an overdense plasma lens Time dependent focusing demonstrated 2. In-house Experimental Program on Plasma Acceleration: Highlights (II) UCLA Self Modulated LWFA Modena et. al., Nature 377, 606 (1995) Raman Forward Scattering shown to be capable of accelerating electrons nC of charge, self-trapped and accelerated in a gas jet experiment Relativistic Guiding Clayton et. al., PRL 81, 100 (1998) Relativistic guiding of a 20 TW laser over 20 Rayleigh lengths shown A relativistic plasma wave was shown to reside inside the selfguided channel In-house Experimental Program on Plasma Acceleration: Highlights (III) 2. UCLA Breaking the 100 MeV barrier Gordon et al., PRL 80, 2133 (1998) Greater than 100 MeV energy gain in plasmas seen for the first time Energy gain greater than linear dephasing limit 12 MeV Injected Electrons Electrons/MeV 10 10 Second Generation PBWA Expts 6 Tochitsky et al., PRL 92, 095004 (2004) 4 S S 100 12A 1 10 15 Noise Level 20 25 30 35 Energy, MeV 35A 40 45 50 Second generation Plasma Beat Wave Accelerator experiment in Neptune shows injected 12 MeV particles gaining energy out to 50 MeV 3. UCLA Program at SLAC: UCLA/USC/SLAC Collaboration 1. UCLA 15 GeV acceleration in 30 cm plasma (Length Scaling of Energy Gain) 2. E164X breaks GeV barrier, Hogan et al., PRL 95, 054802 (2005) 3. Matched beam propagation leads to first acceleration, Muggli et al., PRL 93, 014802 (2004) 4. Positron acceleration by plasma, Blue et al., PRL 90, 214801 (2003) 5. Positron focusing of plasma column, Hogan et al., PRL 90, 205002 (2003) 6. Betatron x-ray emission using plasma, Wang et al., PRL 88, 135004 (2002) 7. Plasma as a thick focusing optic, Clayton et al., PRL 88, 154801 (2002) 8. Refraction of Electron Beam, Muggli et al., Nature 411, 43 (2001) Talk by R. Siemann at this meeting 4. MASSIVELY PARALLEL COMPUTATIONS IN AID OF PLASMA ACCELERATION RESEARCH UCLA OSIRIS: (Full PIC) QuickPIC: • Moving window, parallel • Dynamic load balancing • Field and Impact Ionization • Successfully applied to full 3D modeling of LWFA and PWFA experiments • Highly efficient quasi-static model for beamdriven plasma accelerators • Fully parallel with dynamic load balancing • Ponderomotive guiding center + envelope models for laser driven • ADK model for field ionization • At least100x faster than full PIC afterburner hosing E164X 5. PH.D STUDENTS TRAINED IN PAST FIVE YEARS UCLA Advisor: • • • • • • Brian Duda, 2000 Shuoqin Wang, 2002 Brent Blue, 2003 Catalin Filip, 2003 Ritesh Narang, 2003 Chengkun Huang, 2005 Mori Joshi Joshi Joshi Joshi Mori Over 25 Ph.Ds granted since group’s inception. Faculty placed at USC, UCLA, U. Michigan/Nebraska, Florida A&M, CalState, U. Osaka 5 Student Awards including two Best Ph.D. Thesis Awards Advanced Accelerator Physics at UCLA Physics & Astronomy: Cline Group UCLA The Cline group was the first experimental advanced accelerator group in the UCLA Physics Dept., formed initially at U. Wisconsin Members of the group: D. Cline, A. Garren, Y. Fukui, K. Lee, F. Zhou, X. Yang, L. Shao (PhD Student) and undergraduate students at UCLA Key collaborators: H. Kirk (BNL), M. Ross (SLAC) W. Kimura (STI), V. Yakimenko, I. Pogorelsky (BNL/ATF), Y. Ho and Q. Kang (Fudon University) Muon Collider Collaborators: ILC University Research Program, ATF/BNL Faculty Goals of team: (1) Training of PhD students and postdoctoral people (2) The study and design of beam cooling and muon colliders/neutrino factories (3) Development of beam monitors for the ILC (4) Advanced accelerator concepts at the BNL ATF Activities of the Cline Advanced Accelerator Team UCLA (1) Training of PhD Students This group has trained 15 PhD or MS students. Pre-history at Univ. Wisconsin included D. Larson, J. Rosenzweig, X. Wang; more recently P. He has joined BNL staff (2) Muon Collider/Neutrino Factory The modern development of the muon collider was started by this group in 1992 with a meeting in Napa, California. During the 1990s we held five key conferences and muon collider collaboration meetings. Current work: - The fiber tracker for MICE cooling experiments - The study of various ring coolers for muon colliders - The design of a special muon collider to study Higgs bosons that could be discovered at the LHC (A, H Higgs) Ring Coolers and Muon Colliders/Higgs Factories UCLA David B. Cline Center for Advanced Accelerators, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA We describe the progress in the simulation of 6D cooling of beams for use in neutrino factories and muon beam colliders. We concentrate on the final cooling needed to reach the emmittance required for a SUSY Higgs factory using high-pressure gas ring coolers and Li lens ring coolers. Figure 1. Recent concept for a +- collider Higgs factory. Laser acceleration at BNL ATF UCLA Demonstration of High-Trapping Efficiency and Narrow Energy Spread in a Laser-Driven Accelerator W.D. Kimura, et al., Physical Review Letters, 2003 Laser-driven electron accelerators (laser linacs) offer the potential for enabling much more economical and compact devices. However, the development of practical and efficient laser linacs requires accelerating a large ensemble of electons together (“trapping”) while keeping their energy spread small. This has never been realized before for any laser acceleration system. We present here the first demonstration of a high-trapping efficiency and narrow energy spread via laser acceleration. Trapping efficiencies of up to 80% and energy spreads down to 0.36% (1) were demonstrated. Staging, low energy spread demonstrated Next generation advanced accelerator scheme: Vacuum laser acceleration UCLA ODR (Optical Diffraction Radiation) Beam Size Detector at SLAC FFTB Experiment in support of ILC diagnostic development UCLA Rosenzweig-Pellegrini Group: the Particle Beam Physics Lab (PBPL) Group built upon three research thrusts Advanced accelerators Advanced light sources High brightness electron beams Strong connections between all areas Common themes: multi-disciplinary, high energy density (relativistic) interactions, ultra-fast systems Basic beam physics and technology underpins other two areas Aspects of Research Program Cutting-edge experiments Advanced technology Education Basic theory Simulation and advanced computing Scientific disciplines touched upon include: Beam-plasma interaction; beam material interaction Collective beam effects, nonlinear beam dynamics Beam-radiation interaction; instabilities Device physics: high power microwaves, lasers, THz Ultra-fast measurements Group statistics Population Faculty: 2 (new hires coming) Profession researchers: 2 Technical staff: 5 Graduate students: 7 Undergraduates: 4-6 Financial support (must be diverse!) DoE HEP: ~780k$/yr (70% Neptune, 30% off-campus) Other: ~650k$/yr DoE BES+LCLS; NSF; LLNL/UC; foreign partners, industrial partners UCLA PBPL collaborators UCLA EE dept. PBWA; high brightness beam studies, sub-ps beams; IFEL acceleration; laser-structure acceleration SLAC ORION/E163; LCLS & FEL physics; RF techniques BNL ATF fsec compression, CSR; FEL physics; RF gun development FNAL (recently inactive) A0/TESLA injector; Plasma wakefield and lens experiments LLNL Inverse Compton scattering; basic beam physics, velocity bunching, micro-focusing INFN/Roma/Frascati/Milano Electron sources; beam dynamics; ultra-fast measurements Past collab.: LANL, ANL AWA, Tel Aviv Univ. Students Two way arepipeline exposedfortosharing nationalexpertise; lab and university one-waycollaborators pipeline for future throughout employment education PBPL Experimental Facilities State-of-the-art accelerator/laser labs Neptune Advanced Accelerator Lab MARS 2-frequency TW CO2 laser (Joshi) Cutting edge photoinjector complex PEGASUS Radiation Lab Off-campus (PBPL aided in construction) BNL ATF SLAC ORION & FFTB LLNL PLEIADES/FINDER INFN/LNF SPARC Pegasus lab at UCLA Education Graduate course yearly: Physics 250 Introduction and special topics Strong USPAS attendance Also involved as regular lecturers Undergrad. course: Physics 150 Led to text Fundamentals of Beam Physics (Oxford, 2003) Unified treatment of charged particle and laser beams Research! Most projects student-centered Hands-on; all aspects of research Thesis projects aimed a PRL level >90 refereed publications (>70 PR) QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. PBPL graduates now spread throughout accelerator community David Robin (CP). Accelerator Physics Group Leader at ALS Spencer Hartman (CP). Director, Raytheon microwave defense Gil Travish (JR). UCLA PBPL, associate researcher Andrei Terebilo (CP). SSRL scientist, SPEAR 3 Nick Barov (JR). Far-Tech, SBIR accelerator technology firm Mark Hogan (CP). SLAC ARDB scientist Eric Colby (JR). Panofsky Fellow, SLAC ARDB scientist Aaron Tremaine (JR). LLNL scientist, PLEIADES Compton source Xiadong Ding (CP). Titan, medical linacs Scott Anderson (JR). LLNL scientist, PLEIADES Compton source Alex Murokh (JR). RadiaBeam, SBIR accelerator technology firm Pietro Musumeci (CP). Univ. Roma, SPARC FEL project Matthew Thompson (JR). LLNL post-doc, advanced accelerators/X-rays Kip Bishofberger (JR). LANL post-doc, high brightness beams 2006: Joel England (JR), Gerard Andonian (JR), Jay Lim (JR) PBPL post-docs: SLAC/ANL/LLNL (5), Industry (1) Univ. (3) , Foreign (1) “Backbone” of PBPL research: advanced technology Connects advanced accelerators to conventional community Designed and built in-house Design codes (students, engineers) World-class shop RF structures 1.6 cell RF photocathode gun Advanced RF accelerating structures RF deflector for fs beam measurements Magnetic devices Linear, nonlinear beam optics, bends Permanent magnet undulators, quads Qu ickTime™ an d a TIFF (U ncom pre sse d) de com pres sor are nee ded to s ee th is p icture . BNL/SLAC/UCLA 1.6 cell RF Plane wave transformer injector gun (>10 made, still improving) World’s record strength (560 T/m) Hybrid traveling permanent magnet wave/standing quadrupole wave photoinjector Diverse theoretical contributions Space-charge dominated beams Emittance compensation, chicane pulse compression, velocity bunching Plasma wakefields Blowout regime, matching, ion collapse FEL, Compton scattering SASE, spiking, QFEL, TW undulator Radiative effects in beams CSR, CTR microbunching, diamag. fields Dielectric accelerating structures Slab symmetric laser-excitation, ultrahigh field wakes Ion collapse in PWFA afterburner scenario J.B. Rosenzweig, et al., PRL 95, 195002 (2005) Recent Experimental Results I: Neptune IFEL 0.5 TW 10 m laser Highest recorded IFEL acceleration 15 MeV beam accelerated to over 35 MeV in 25 cm First observation of higher harmonic IFEL interaction P. Musumeci, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 154801 (2005) Energy analysis of Neptune IFEL experiment Recent Experimental Results II: Compton scattering @ LLNL Applications to: Polarized positron collider 300 fs beams from velocity bunching Focusing from PMQ ultra-strong final focus Ultra-high peak brightness X-rays used in diffraction studies Next stage (nonlinear Compton) at Neptune Computed and measured Ta K-edge diffraction at PLEIADES PMQ pattern final focus system; 15 micron beam image D. J. Gibson, et al.,, Phys. Plasmas, 11 2857 (2004) Recent Experimental Results III: beam-plasma interaction Round beam, flat beam underdense plasma lens images Experiments at FNAL A0 lab Beam ~stopped in PWFA blowout expt 12 MeV in 8 cm Spectrometer images (150 MV/m case) Underdense plasma lens (nb>np) Very low aberration Asymmetric beams (LC scenario) Recent Experimental Results IV: Compression and Coherent Radiation 13 MeV experiments at Neptune QuickTime™ and a CER TIFF (LZW) decompressor are needed to see this picture. transverse phase space bifurcation Velocity field dominant CTR 70 MeV BNL ATF expts now underway QuickTime™ and a TIFF (LZW) decompressor are needed to see this picture. <100 fs beams Coherent “edge” radiation Phase space distortions from acceleration fields 3.5 Normalized signal 3 2.5 2 Neptune slit-based phase space measurement; uncompressed and compressed beam S.G. Anderson, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 91, 074803 (2003). 1.5 =30 m (100 fs) =173 m z 1 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500 z (m) ATF/UCLA compressor CER CTR autocorrelation of bunch length energy v. RF phase Recent Experimental Results V: Ultra-broad spectrum SASE FEL Ultra-wide measured bandwidth at VISA II Bandwidth of up to 15% observed at high gain Start-to-end simulations give details of microscopic physics Red-shifting of off-axis modes dominant G. Andonian, et al., Phys. Rev Lett. 95, 054801 (2005) w Output of start-to-end simulations of VISA II QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. q Measurement of double-differential spectrum Recent Experimental Results VI: High Gradient Dielectric Wakes Ez -1.255E10 0.000150 -1.006E10 -7.560E9 0.000125 -5.065E9 -2.570E9 -7.500E7 0.000075 2.420E9 0.000050 4.915E9 7.410E9 0.000025 9.905E9 0.000000 0.0000 0.0004 0.0008 0.0012 0.0016 0.0020 0.0024 1.240E10 4 GV/m surface field 2 GV/m Damage post-mortem ongoing z (m) Ez from OOPIC simulation of hollow dielectric tube (OOPIC) 9.00E+009 6.00E+009 QuickTime™ and a H.264 decompressor are needed to see this picture. 3.00E+009 Ez (V/m) r (m) 0.000100 FFTB ultra-short beam, 100 m aperture tube: over 10 GV/m Initial run gave breakdown threshold 0.00E+000 -3.00E+009 -6.00E+009 -9.00E+009 -1.20E+010 0.0014 0.0016 0.0018 0.0020 0.0022 Z (m) Ez lineout on-axis View end of dielectric tube; frames sorted by increasing peak current Conclusions UCLA represents a major resource in the national accelerator R&D program Valued collaborator with nat’l labs Leadership in Advanced concepts, ideas for future Computational physics Technologies Experiments Education - development of future leaders Synergy between beams, HEP, light sources Hands on and multi-disciplinary program is very attractive to students Let’s keep going!