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Jefferson Lab Accelerator Developments for Nuclear/Particle Physics Swapan Chattopadhyay Jefferson Lab May 23, 2003 Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy Invited Talk Conference on Intersection of Particle and Nuclear Physics, CIPNP New York May 23, 2003 Jefferson Lab Site Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy Page 2 Jefferson Lab Strategic Vision Nuclear Physics Nucleus Nucleon Quark Gluon Grand Instruments for Science science 100 kW + FEL RIA 2005 science 10 kW Complex Materials TESLA / NLC 2010 2015 science HELIOS science science SNS 2000 >12 GeV/EIC 12 GeV 6 GeV 2020 science 100 kW ERL Photon Science and Applications Nano-systems Bio-systems Surface Processing Precision Dynamics Development of Unique Scientific/Technical Tools Advanced Computational Science (LQCD) National Imaging and Instrumentation (Medical/Security) Thomas Jefferson Accelerator Facility Page 3 10 Tflop 100 Tflop 1 Pflop Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy Page 4 Jefferson Lab Accelerator Site Test Lab at the Institute for Superconducting Radio-Frequency Science and Technology -SNS drive linac - JLab - FEL CEBAF SRF recirculating linac FEL Nuclear Physics Detector Halls A, B, C Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy Page 5 South Linac Cryomodules in Tunnel Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy Page 6 Hall A Electron and Hadron Spectrometers Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy Page 7 Hall B – CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy Page 8 Hall C – High Momentum Spectrometer and Short Orbit Spectrometer Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy Page 9 JLab is the Leading International Facility in Hadronic Physics * • Our approved research program involves half of our 2100 member user community: 1011 scientists from 167 institutions in 29 countries Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy Page 10 JLab – Delivering for the Nation – Nuclear Physics Scientific Productivity* • > 2100 users with > 1000 active on experiments - 167 institutions in 29 countries • 133 universities from 26 of the United States - • 119 PhDs (26 female, 31 minority) in JLab-related science with 138 (24 female, 38 minority) more in progress - • Includes 14 joint professors, including 11 from 5 MSIs Valuable manpower for experimental program, theory support 78 completed and 21 partially completed experiments - 78 Phys Letters and Phys Rev Letters - 263 invited talks and 616 contributed talks - 167 articles in refereed journals (+ 12 submitted) *Data as of 10/18/02 Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy Page 11 Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility 0.6 GeV linac (20 cryomodules) 1497 MHz 67 MeV injector (2 1/4 cryomodules) 1497 MHz Gain switched diode lasers 499 MHz, Df = 120 A B RF separators 499 MHz C B A Pockels cell C A Gun B C Double sided septum Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy Page 12 What’s the Point of 12 GeV Upgrade? Courtesy: Alex Dzierba Leigh Harwood • The 12 GeV Upgrade at Jefferson Lab aims at answering two core questions: 1) Quark Hall D Confinement What is the nature of quark confinement? 2) What is the fundamental nature of the nuclear force in Analytical model (based on terms ofQCD) quark and interactions? ofgluon nuclei as groups of Hallsquarks A, B, & C Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy Page 13 Quark Confinement • Quarks are the only particles known that cannot be observed as individuals. They always occur in groups. • This is known as quark confinement. Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy Page 14 Quark Confinement (cont’d) 1 GeV/fm Current “wisdom”: Fq-q = k Uq-q = kr No radial dependence Energy in the field Implication: Field energy always increases as the quarks separate Mass of 2 quarks There is some separation distance at which field energy: Quark Confinement • Exceeds the mass of 2 quarks. • Can be reduced by creating quark-antiquark pair. Separation distance Never find an isolated quark. Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy Page 15 Quark Confinement (cont’d) q q q Energy in the field q Mass of 2 quarks (~600 MeV) Flux tube (many gluons) Separation distance Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy Page 16 How to “See” the Flux Tubes Flux tube Graduate Research!! Partial Wave Analysis and Exotic Meson Spectroscopy “String” analog 2 quarks = 1 meson Spectrum is known. Flux tube has it’s own quantum numbers Can make mesons with “forbidden” quantum numbers Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy Page 17 Color Mapping in QCD NUCLEAR PARTICLE PHYSICS Q 10 GeV “g ” e– Q 12 GeV “Gluonic Excitations” t << 10-18 sec. Graduate Research!! Strategic Simulation: Lattice-gauge QCD Code Possible at JLab’s 12 GeV Upgrade of CEBAF. Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy Page 18 12 116 GeV Upgrade magnets and power supplies CEBAF CHL-2 Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy Page 19 RF Control Overall performance requirements: • Amplitude: 1x10-4 • Phase: 0.1º 1.0 • Large Lorentz forces • Narrow bandwidth Detuning curve is VERY different. Energy Content (Normalized) • Algorithm choice 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 CEBAF 6 GeV 0.5 CEBAF Upgrade 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 -1,000 -800 -600 -400 Detuning (Hz) Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy Page 20 -200 0 200 Lorentz Detuning Effects Peak moves as (gradient)2 Energy Content (Normalized) 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 CEBAF 6 GeV 0.5 CEBAF Upgrade 0.4 0.3 Tuner must run slow 0.2 Is there an alternative? -1,000 -200 -800 0 -600 +200 -400 +400 0.1 -200 +600 0.0 0 +800 Detuning (Hz)tooscillator Resonant frequency relative that at low field (Hz) Frequency relative to master (Hz) Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy Page 21 200 RF Control (cont’d) Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy Page 22 Electron Light Ion Collider Integrated with 25 GeV Fixed Target Program Five accelerating passes through CEBAF 25 GeV Fixed Target (FT) Program One accelerating/one decelerating pass through CEBAF 30 GeV CM Collider Program Snake Exploring whether collider and fixed target modes can run simultaneously or in alternating mode IR IR 5 GeV electrons 50 GeV light ions Injector CEBAF with Energy Recovery Talk by: Rolf Ent and Lia Merminga Beam Dump Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy Page 23 Snake Solenoids ELIC: Site Map D A B C Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy Page 24 Energy Recovery and its Potential for High Luminosity Colliders RF Power Draw in Energy Recovery 16 RF Power (kW/klystron) 14 12 10 Measured No Energy Recovery 8 6 Max Klystron Output 4 Measured w/ Energy Recovery 2 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 Current (mA) Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy Page 25 ERL R&D – Relevance to Nuclear Physics and Light Sources 104 Energy [MeV] High Energy Path 103 CEBAF Energy Recovery Experiment at High Energy ERL Facilities Energy Recovery Experiment at High Current at JLab FEL/ERL 102 Two complementary and orthogonal branches to complete the required ERL R&D. 2 kW JLab FEL 10 High Current Path 0.1 1 10 100 Average Current [mA] 1000 Accelerator R&D Issues Creation, transport and acceleration of extremely low-emittance, high-current beams Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy Page 26 ERL Research: R&D – Relevance Graduate possibilities to Nuclear Physics JLab plus Core Competency (cont’d) of Energy Recovery Current Doubling for future facilities and High Energy Demonstration of Energy Recovery Beam will be accelerated from 45 MeV to 1 GeV and energy recovered to 45 MeV. Plan to inject at 10 to 20 MeV and test energy recovery with energy ratio up to ~100 Beam properties, beam halo to be measured at several locations Experiment is approved and scheduled for March-April 2003 45 MeV 500 MeV Injector 1 GeV 500 MeV 45 MeV Phase delay chicane 500 MeV 1 GeV 500 MeV CEBAF-ER Installation Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy Page 27