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Blood Chemistry Project #3 1. The reference interval for HDL cholesterol is 35 to 150 mg/dL. Use this information to confirm the mean and standard deviation provided for this blood component. Midpoint: 35 +150 2 Range: 150 – 35 = 115 Range Rule of Thumb: 115 4 = 185 2 = 92.5 = 28.75 As you can see in the calculation of the midpoint above, the given HDL mean that is provided in the table matches this calculation perfectly. Therefore, this a good estimate for Abby to use. The same holds true for the calculation of the range rule of thumb, or called the absolute deviation in the table. 2. Using Abby’s criteria and the means and standard deviations provided in her blood test report, determine which blood components should be a cause of concern for Abby. Write up a summary report of your findings. Be sure to include a discussion concerning your assumptions and any limitations to your conclusions. I calculated the z-score for each “Blood Test Component” using the numbers “Standard Mean,” “Abby’s Absolute Deviation,” and “Result” in the chart below. Then using the z-score, I found the cumulative area to obtain the percentage. The calculations are shown on the next page. White Blood Cell Count: 5.3−7.25 1.625 −1.95 1.625 Red Blood Cell Count: 4.62−4.85 0.375 Hemoglobin: 14.6−14.75 1.125 Hematocrit: 41.7−43.0 3.5 = −1.3 3.5 Glucose, Serum: 95.0−87.0 11.0 = 8 11.0 = = −1.2 −0.23 0.375 = = −0.61 −0.15 1.125 = = −0.13 = .1151 =11.5% = .2709 = 27.1% = .4483 = 44.8% = −0.37 = .3557 = 35.6% = 0.73 = .7673= 23.3% P(Z > 0.73) = 1 - 0.7673 = .2327 Creatine, Serum: 0.8−1.0 0.25 −0.2 0.25 Sodium, Serum: 143.0−141.5 3.25 = = = −0.8 = .2119 = 21.2% 1.5 3.25 = .6772= 32.3% = 0.46 P(Z > 0.46) = 1 – 0.6772 = .3228 Potassium, Serum: 5.1−4.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 = = 1.2 = .8849 = 11.5% P(Z > 1.2) = 1 – 0.8849 = 0.1151 Chloride, Serum: 100.0−102.5 3.25 −2.5 3.25 Carbon Dioxide, Total: 25.0−26.0 3.0 = −1 3.0 Calcium, Serum: 10.1−9.55 0.525 = 0.55 0.525 = = −0.77 = −0.33 = 1.05 = .2206 = 22.1% = .3707 = 37.1% = .8531 = 14.7% P(Z > 1.05) = 1 – 0.8531 = 0.1469 Total Cholesterol: 253.0−149.5 24.75 = −0.15 24.75 = 4.18 = .9999 = 0.01% P(Z > 4.18) = 1 - 0.9999 = 0.0001 Triglycerides: 150.0−99.5 49.75 50.5 49.75 = = 1.02 = .8461 = 15.4% P(Z > 1.02) = 1 – 0.8461 = 0.1539 HDL Cholesterol: 42.0−92.5 28.75 LDL Cholesterol: 181.0−64.5 32.25 = LDL/HDL Ratio: 4.3−1.8 0.72 2.5 0.72 = = −50.5 28.75 = −1.76 116.5 32.25 = −3.61 = 3.47 = .0392 = 3.9% = .0001 = 0.01% = .9997 = 0.03% P(Z > 3.47) = 1 – 0.9997= 0.0003 TSH, Serum: 3.15−2.925 1.2875 = 0.225 1.2875 = 0.18 P(Z > 0.18) = 1 - 0.5714 = 0.4286 = .5714 = 42.9% Based on Abby's criteria she should be concerned about total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and her LDL/HDL cholesterol. Each had a probability that fell below her 0.025 criteria. The majority of her blood readings are high above her standard and she should not be concerned about them. Although the 0.025 seems a low standard to set she can be assured that the results that fall below the .025 will be outside of the normal standard two deviations from the mean. and can be more assured that her results are unusual. Her extra work may have helped to save her health in the long run. Cholesterol problems can place individuals at a higher risk of stroke and heart disease. She can now go back to her doctor with her finding and express her specific concerns over the result of her blood work.