Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase wikipedia , lookup
Multi-state modeling of biomolecules wikipedia , lookup
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide wikipedia , lookup
Restriction enzyme wikipedia , lookup
Alcohol dehydrogenase wikipedia , lookup
Beta-lactamase wikipedia , lookup
Lactoylglutathione lyase wikipedia , lookup
Transferase wikipedia , lookup
Bio A- Biochem Enzyme Note Packet Enzymes are a type of ___ _____ meaning they are a folded chain of ____ ___. In living things they act as ___ __________ which means: _________________________. ____ ____While they _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Enzyme Reaction: Label the parts Enzymes are needed for ALL chemical reactions that happen in the body including our two favorites _____ _________ and ______ ___________. HYDROLYSIS DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS Bio A- Biochem How do enzymes work: Enzymes are made by our cells. By making it easier for substrates to react, enzymes lower the Activation energy of the chemical reaction - Activation energy: o think of it as the “energy cost” of the reaction o the enzyme is a “coupon” Endothermic (endergonic . Exothermic(exergonic): Bio A- Biochem Example of an enzymatic reaction (sucrose) Enzymes have very particular tastes! Enzymes exhibit specificity Look at the examples in your notes. In each case, the enzyme exhibits specificity The enzyme and substrate fit together like jigsaw puzzle pieces. One type of reaction and one substrate for each enzyme Lock and Key Model – Induced fit model Bio A- Biochem What is the active site? WHAT IMPACTS ENZYMES? Not only are enzymes picky about what substrates they work with, but also the following conditions: 1. Each enzyme has an optimal (“best”) temperature: ___ 2. Each enzyme has an optimal pH. a. pH is? b. changing the concentration of H+ (pH is NOT in the optimal range) interferes with the bonds holding the protein in its folded shape. RESULT: ____________________________ BOTH temperature and pH will change the 3D shape of the protein, usually unfolding it. o Denaturation: the process of unfolding the 3D shape of a protein. DOES not disrupt the chain of amino acids, just how it is folded. MAY be reversible if conditions are returned to optimal levels. Prevents the enzyme from working. NO product will form ENZYMES HAVE A “BEST RANGE” that depends on their environment WHAT ELSE AFFECTS HOW FAST AN ENZYME WORKS? Bio A- Biochem 1, Rate of a reaction is also determined by the ratio of substrate to enzyme: What is it telling us? That the product will form faster as the amount of substrate increases, but only up to a point (about 30 in this example) Why does this happen? ’ HERE IS ANOTHER WAY TO THINK ABOUT THE GRAPH: Notice that the enzyme amount stays the same. Lots of enzyme little substrate Equal enzyme and substrate Lots more substrate than enzyme Some enzymes need “helper” molecules - Coenzyme: organic molecules (like vitamins) that help a substrate bind to its enzyme o Organic means??? _CONTAINS C and H (and since it is found in living things..Oxygen! _____ Cofactors: inorganic molecules (like Zn, Cu) that help a substrate bind to its enzyme Both coenzymes and cofactors bind to the enzyme and improve chances that the substrate will bind. Label the parts of this diagram Bio A- Biochem Inhibiting an enzyme • Inhibit: shut down or suppress • Can be caused by outside molecule – drugs/poisons • Can be caused by inside molecule if your body wants to temporarily shut down a reaction – Why waste the energy if you don’t need the product right now? • Competitive Inhibition– molecules that are similar in shape to the substrate bind to the active site and block the substrate; No chemical reaction can happen • Non-competitive Inhibition– molecule different from the substrate binds to a part of the enzyme other than the active site and alters the shape of the active site; No chemical reaction