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PERFORMANCE-ENHANCING SUBSTANCES Ben Johnson won the gold medal for Canada in the 1988 Seoul Olympics. He was later caught for using the anabolic steroid STANOZOL, and his gold medal was rescinded. His time was an astounding 9.79 seconds. Nutritional Aid egs vitamins and minerals, protein and amino acid supplements, carnitine, creatine, caffeine Pharmacological Aids pain-masking drugs, anabolic steroids, HGH, erythropoietin Physiological Aids blood doping, drug masking CARNITINE - widely advertised as a “fat burner” . It’s big claim is that decreases lactate production, therefore delaying fatigue. It advertises that it spares glycogen, and burns fat instead! Carnitine, which is stored in skeletal muscle, is responsible for transporting fatty acids to the mitochondria for energy production ______________________________________________________ CREATINE – which athletes benefit?? WADA stands for….. 6 ways to administer a drug 1. Inhaled 2. Injected 3. Snorted 4. Orally 5. Rectally 6. Topically (cream through the skin) The World Anti-Doping Agency is based in MONTREAL, Canada! The first head of this agency was DICK POUND. EPO – Erythropoietin - Is a natural protein hormone, produced in the kidneys. - Synthetic EPO causes the body to produce more HEMOGLOBIN. Why would this be a huge benefit to athletes? - Problems with this – higher RBC count makes the heart work much harder = risk of cardiac fatigue /even failure - Why do you think this is tough to test for? __________________________________________ I.O.C. banned performance enhancers by the year 1967. The first time Diuretics increase the amount of urine produced and therefore can dilute the concentration of the banned substance in the urine tested HGH – The Human Growth Hormone - By increasing amounts it is believed to increase muscle mass, strengthen bones, limit weight gain and improve aerobic endurance PROBLEMS; leads to heart problems, excessive growth of hands and feet, dangerous enlargement of vital organs (heart, kidneys), and skeletal abnormalities Anabolic Steroids synthetic testosterone, increase muscle mass Catabolic Steroids – break down muscle mass Nandrolone is an anabolic steroid. Mark McGwire hit 70 Home runs in 1998. He later admitted to using Androstenedione, a steroid as well as HGH. The Dublin Inquiry…..