Download BIOLOGY 1 WORKSHEET II

BIOLOGY 1
WORKSHEET II
(PHOTOSYNTHESIS, CELLULAR RESPIRATION, PROTEIN SYNTHESIS)
1.
Why is the ATP molecule so important to cells?
2.
Complete the diagram below:
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3.
Write the equation for cellular respiration.
4.
Draw a mitochondrion and label all structures. Indicate where the Krebs cycle and the
electron transport chain occur.
5.
Discuss the role of the following in cellular respiration:
a.
Cytoplasm
b.
Cristae of the mitochondria
c.
Matrix of the mitochondria
d.
Glycolysis
e.
The Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
f.
The electron transport chain
g.
Glucose
h.
Lactic acid
I.
Oxygen
j.
Carbon dioxide and water
k.
Alcohol (ethanol) and carbon dioxide
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6.
Define:
a.
Aerobic
b.
Anaerobic
c.
Electron transport chain
7.
Discuss your knowledge of cellular respiration. Include the following terms in your
discussion:
a.
Anaerobic phase
f.
Transition reaction
b.
Aerobic phase
g.
Krebs cycle
c.
Glycolysis
h.
Matrix of mitochondria
d.
Cytoplasm
I.
Electron transport
e.
Mitochondria
j.
Cristae
8.
Compare and contrast the differences in cellular respiration when oxygen is readily
available and when oxygen becomes limited in supply. Include differences in ATP
production, electron transport, and waste products. Also describe the locations where the
chemical pathways occur.
O2 Available (Normal Pathway)
9.
O2 limited (Anaerobic pathway)
List at least five physiologic effects of an aerobic conditioning program?
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10.
Cardiac Output = ____________________
X
____________________
11.
List the equation for photosynthesis:__________________________________________
12.
Define:
a.
Transpiration______________________________________________________
b.
Stomata__________________________________________________________
c.
Stroma___________________________________________________________
d.
Thylakoid________________________________________________________
e.
Granum_________________________________________________________
13.
Describe the difference between oxidation and reduction.
14.
The purpose of photosynthesis is to make glucose. Glucose contains six carbons. Where
does the carbon come from to make glucose?
15.
Draw a closed stomate and an open stomate. Label the guard cells. Indicate when each
stomate is open and closed in a C3 plant
16.
Draw a chloroplast and label all structures. Indicate where the light and dark reactions
occur.
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17.
18.
What is produced in the:
a.
Light reactions:
____________________
and
_________________
b.
Dark reactions:
____________________
and
_________________
Discuss the role of the following in photosynthesis:
a.
Stomata
b.
Light
c.
Chlorophyll
d.
Carotenoids
e.
Stroma
f.
Thylakoid (Inner membrane of chloroplast)
g.
Water
h.
Carbon dioxide
I.
ATP and NADPH (NADPH2)
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19.
What is transpiration? How would you expect temperature, wind velocity, light intensity,
and relative humidity to influence transpiration rates?
a.
Temperature:
b.
Wind velocity
c.
Light intensity
d.
Relative humidity
20.
Complete the following graph. Label the point at which light saturation occurs.
21.
What does the term Light Saturation mean?___________________________________
22.
Complete the following graph.
23.
Name an accessory pigment found in plants. What is the role of accessory pigments in
photosynthesis?
24.
Would you expect green light to be a very effective color of light for photosynthesis?
Explain.
25.
What type of leaf anatomy is associated with C 4 photosynthesis?___________________
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26.
What is the advantage of having a C4 photosynthetic pathway in a hot, arid environment?
27.
Where do the electrons come from to make NADPH (NADPH2)? What waste product is
created when this happens?
28.
Would you expect desert plants in Death Valley to be actively photosynthesizing in
August? Explain
29.
List 10 adaptations found in plants for existence in the desert and indicate a plant that
uses the adaptation you mentioned:
Adaptation
Plant
30.
a.______________________________________
_______________________
b.______________________________________
_______________________
c.______________________________________
_______________________
d.______________________________________
_______________________
e.______________________________________
_______________________
f.______________________________________
_______________________
g.______________________________________
_______________________
h.______________________________________
_______________________
i.______________________________________
_______________________
j.______________________________________
_______________________
What is meant by the term Alpine? What is a major limiting factor for plant growth in
alpine areas?
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31.
Complete the following table:
Trait
C3 Photosynthesis
C4 Photosynthesis
CAM
Photosynthesis
Advanced Plants
Diversity
Typical Habitat
Found Everywhere
Deserts
Leaf Anatomy
Normal
Normal?
Light Saturation
1/3
to ½ Full Sunlight
Not Known
Optimum
Temperature
Very Low
Maximum P/S Rate
Maximum Growth
Rate
Moderate
Water Use
Efficiency
CO2 Fixed as
Enzyme
RuDP Carboxylase
Stomates
Open during the day
Closed at night
PEP Carboxylase
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PEP Carboxylase
32.
Matching
a._____A disaccharide
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
b._____A monosaccharide
c._____Energy storage polysaccharide
in animals
d._____Dietary fiber
e._____Cellular organelle that contains
hydrolytic enzymes
f._____Where aerobic respiration takes
place
g._____Where anaerobic respiration takes
place
h._____Site of photosynthesis
I._____Temperature dependant reactions
of photosynthesis
j._____Splitting of sugar
19.
k._____Waste product(s) of anaerobic
respiration in humans
l._____Waste product(s) of aerobic
respiration in humans
m._____Formed in a process called fermentation by yeast
n._____Universal energy molecule
o._____Universal electron carrier molecule
p._____ Reactions that take place in stroma
of the chloroplast
q._____Reactions that take place in the inner
membrane of the chloroplast
r._____Glycolysis occurs here
s._____Storage form of glucose in plants
t._____Chlorophyll is found here
u._____Causes sore muscles
v._____Produces ATP and NADPH 2
w._____Produces glucose
x._____Cell sap is found here
y._____Produces pyruvic acid
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ATP
Cellulose
Chloroplast
Cytoplasm
CO 2 and H 2O
CO 2 and alcohol
Dark reactions
Glucose
Glycogen
Glycolysis
Golgi body
Lactic acid
Light reactions
Lysosome
Mitochondria
NAD
Starch
18.
Sucrose
Vacuole
33.
Consider the following mRNA strand:
5'
34.
AUG UUA AAU UUC UCA UUA ACC U3'
a.
What is the primary structure of the protein (amino acid sequence) synthesized
from this mRNA template?
b.
Diagram the DNA segment which produced the above mRNA. Indicate which
strand served as the template.
c.
Diagram the tRNA for the first amino acid showing the amino acid attached and
the anticodon.
d.
If the mRNA was treated with nitrous acid (a mutagenic agent) which converts
cytosine bases to uracil ( C ----- U), what would the primary structure of the
protein be?
Consider the following DNA strand:
---------------ATGGAT
a.
Draw the mRNA that would be synthesized from the DNA
strand with the “arrow”
b.
How long of a protein could be synthesized form the
mRNA strand?
TACCTA
----------------
35.
What kind of mutation causes sickle cell anemia? Why has this mutation been selected
for in certain African populations?
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