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WHAT ARE CANNABINOID RECEPTORS? UNDERSTANDING THE MECHANISMS OF ACTION-CANNABINOID RECEPTORS ARE AN IMPORTANT CLASS OF CELL MEMBRANE RECEPTORS. Receptors are akin to ”locks,” and the ligand compounds that bind to them are akin to ”keys” in a lock & key system. They have about seven sections that pass through the outer cell membrane. Cannabinoid receptors are also coupled to G-proteins, where a lot of the signaling ”magic” happens when a molecule or compound binds to the outer portion of these receptors. The three main ligands that bind to cannabinoid receptors are all lipophilic (fatty or ”fat-loving” compounds), and include endocannabinoids (synthesized within the body), phytocannabinoids (plant-derived, such as from cannabis), and synthetic cannabinoids. The cannabinoid receptors are further divided into two main subtypes, known as CB1 and CB2. Although they have some similarity, they are mostly differentiated by what tissue or organ system they are associated within the body. CB1 receptors: Found mostly in the brain, with some presence in lung, kidney, liver, fat, heart, muscle, and bone. CB1 receptors are mostly associated with the psychoactive and euphoric aspects of THC. CB2 receptors: Mostly found within the immune system and blood cells, and secondarily in lesser density within the nervous system, liver, gut, muscle, and bone. CANNAVEST.COM (855) 758-7223 • [email protected] BREAKING DOWN THE TERMINOLOGY ENDOCANNABINOIDS Cannabis-like cannabinoids the body makes as needed. (ie. Anandamide, 2-AG, etc) Anandamide 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2AG) PHYTOCANNABINOIDS Plant-based cannabinoids that are found in cannabis and agricultural hemp. (ie. Cannabidiol, cannabigerone, etc) Cannabidiol (CBD) CANNAVEST.COM (855) 758-7223 • [email protected] THE COMBINATION EFFECT OF HEMP-DERIVED CBD The combination effect, sometimes called the ”whole-plant” or ”entourage effect,” is the idea that cannabis offers a complex biochemical matrix of many constituents working synergistically; but it leaves behind other compounds that are only available when you eat the entire plant. Hemp-derived CBD oil products provide even more broad spectrum nutrition, exerting a synergistic, ”HempTourage effect,” because they include over 500 distinct compounds: GOLD FORMULA GREEN FORMULA PHYTOCANNABINOIDS, FATTY ACIDS, TERPENES, PLANT STEROLS, CHLOROPHYLL, VITAMIN E FATTY ACIDS CANNABINOIDS TERPENES PLANT STEROLS VITAMIN-E C16:0 Palmitic Acid Cannabidiol ß-amyrin Sitosterol Vitamin-E C18:0 Stearic Acid Tetrahydrocannabivarin Squalene Campesterol C18:1 Oleic Acid Cannabigerol E-phytol Stigmasterol C18:2 Linoleic Acid Cannabichromene ß-Amyrin C20:0 Arachidic Acid Cannabinol Humulene C18:3 y-Linoleic Acid C18:3 Linolenic Acid C18:4 Stearidonic Acid C22:0 Behenic Acid C24:0 Lignoceric Acid C26:0 Cerotic Acid C28:0 Montanic Acid C30:0 Melissic Acid FATTY ACIDS CANNABINOIDS TERPENES VITAMIN-E C18:2 Linoleic Acid Cannabidiol ß-Amyrin Vitamin-E C18:3 y-Linolenic Acid Cannabicyclol C16:0 Palmitic Acid Cannabigerol C18:0 Stearic Acid Cannabichromene C18:1 Oleic Acid Cannabinol C18:3 y-Linolenic Acid Δ8-Tetrahydrocannabinol C20:0 Arachidic Acid Cannabidivarin C22:0 Behenic Acid C16:1 Palmitoleic Acid C14:0 Myristic Acid C15:0 Pentadecanoic Acid C17:0 Heptadecanoic Acid CANNAVEST.COM (855) 758-7223 • [email protected] SO NOW THAT WE’VE TOLD YOU ABOUT CBD, AND ITS BASIC MECHANISMS OF ACTION, LET’S TALK ABOUT THE SOURCE AGRICULTURAL HEMP. FACTS ABOUT HEMP WHAT IS IT? n Hemp is one of the earliest known domesticated plants, cultivated by civilizations for approximately 12,000 years. n Agricultural hemp comes from the Cannabis Sativa L. plant. n Agricultural hemp grows differently than THC-containing cannabis, and looks similar to bamboo. n Agricultural hemp is grown to a height of 10 to 15 feet or more before harvest, planted 3 to 6 inches apart. n Hemp has little potential to produce high-content THC when pollinated. n Cannabidiol, or CBD, is the second most prominent compound found in the hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) plant. BENEFITS OF HEMP n Nutrient rich: Hemp contains excellent nutritional value, providing Essential Fatty Acids that the human body does not produce naturally, and are necessary for a balanced diet. Further, emerging scientific research supports the consumption of CBD from hemp oil for general well-being. n Eco-friendly: Not only is hemp renewable and fast-growing, nearly every part of the plant is usable: For food, fiber, building materials, fuel, and an estimated 25,000 other uses! n Good for the earth: Hemp sequesters CO2 and doesn’t need herbicides to thrive. In order to ensure pesticide, herbicide, and chemical-free farming conditions, our soil is extensively tested before our EU-certified seeds are planted. Agricultural hemp also leaves the soil in better condition than before it was planted. n Food grade purity: Our hemp is grown under food grade conditions. CANNAVEST.COM (855) 758-7223 • [email protected] NEXT PAGE