Download Unit 1: Chp. 1-5 Key Vocabulary (Chapter 1) Archaeology

Unit 1: Chp. 1-5
Key Vocabulary (Chapter 1)
Archaeology
Anthropology
Homo sapiens
Chapter 1 Questions
1. What was the time period before writing occurred called? What do scientists use to create
theories about the past?
2. What did archaeologists dig up and examine to better understand humans (early)?
3. As scientific methods have advanced over time, what do scientists use to discover evidence of
earlier civilizations?
4. Who were the first creatures to walk upright?
5. Where did Louis and Mary Leaky make their earliest human discovery?
6. What age was called the “Old Stone Age”?
7. The Paleolithic people were hunters and gathers, what did they hunt and gather?
8. Have the roles of men and women changed from past to present? Why or why not?
1
9. During the Paleolithic age, who were the first people to use fire?
10. The use of fire allowed humans to survive what age? How did they survive?
11. What is the New Stone Age? Why did it receive its name?
12. What are artisans? How did they thrive during this age?
13. What are the six characteristics of a civilization? Briefly describe each.
Key Vocab (Chapter 2)
Polytheistic
City-state
Ziggurat
Theocracy
Pharaoh
Vizier
Hieroglyphics
Monarchy
2
Cuneiform
Patriarchal
Bureaucracy
Mummification
Monotheistic
Satrap
Chapter 2 Questions
1. What made Mesopotamia flourish? Who were the creators of the first Mesopotamia civilization?
2. What was the largest Sumerian city-state? How many people populated the city?
3.
List the inventions and achievements the Sumerians created?
4. What leader of the Akkadians overran the Sumerian city-states and created the first empire in
world history?
5. What is the longest river in the world?
6. What natural barriers protected Egypt?
7. The Egyptians were polytheistic or monotheistic? Who did they worship?
8.
Briefly describe the story of Isis and Osiris
3
9.
When did the history of Egypt begin?
10. Who were the Egyptian monarchs?
11. Briefly describe mummification
12. What was the largest pyramid in Egypt?
13. Who was Hatshepsut?
14. What was the boy pharaoh named?
15. Briefly describe some Egyptian achievements in both art and science
16. Who were the first Indo-Europeans to use iron? Who eventually destroyed them?
17. Who led the Israelites out of Egypt?
18. What is the capital of Israel? Who made Jerusalem powerful?
19. What religion did Jews worship? Who was their God called?
20. True or False: Assyrians were peaceful and unorganized
4
21. Who rebuilt Babylon and made it the center of the empire?
Key Vocab (Chapter 3)
Varnas
Caste system
Reincarnation
Dharma
Nirvana
Aristocracy
Mandate of Heaven
Dao
Chapter 3 Questions
1.
What does reincarnation mean?
2.
What is Karma? What is it ruled by?
3.
Define nirvana
4.
Where did Hinduism originated? What do Hindus believe in?
5.
Where did Buddhism originate? Who was the founder?
6.
Who was Confucius? What did he spread that many Chinese citizens studied? Was Confucianism
a religion, why?
5
7.
Are Daoism and Confucianism different? How so?
8.
What purpose did the Silk Road serve? Where did it extend to?
9.
What did the Indians contribute through science and math?
10.
What was the longest-lasting dynasty in Chinese history?
11.
Define the social structure of Ancient China?
12.
Who held supremacy within the social system of China? What was the role of women?
13.
Briefly describe the philosophy of Legalism
14.
Why was the Great Wall of China built?
6
15.
How was the Qin Dynasty divided? What purpose did the censorate serve?
16.
Briefly describe the technological and culture advancements of the Han Dynasty?
17.
Why Empires Fall:
1.
2.
3.
Unit 1: Ancient Greece and Rome
Chp. 4 Sec 1
Epic Poem
Arete
1. What two geographic barriers created the development of Greece?
2. How did mountains impact the Greece? How did seas impact them as well?
3. What did the Minoans trade to maintain its civilization?
How did their civilization end?
1#
2#
4. What types of people were the Mycenaeans? What type of murals did they create to illustrate
this?
5. What was the most famous Mycenaean conquest? Who led them? What city did they conquer?
7
6. Why did they fall as a civilization?
7. Briefly describe the Dark Age
8. Briefly list the accomplishments of the Dark Age
Iron
Greek alphabet
Homer
9. What were the first great epic poems? Each story told the occurrences in what war?
10. How did the Greeks defeat the Trojans?
11. What did the Iliad and the Odyssey provide for the Greeks?
Sec 2
Polis
Acropolis
Agora
Hoplites
Phalanx
Tyrants
Democracy
Oligarchy
Helots
8
Ephors
1. What was the largest Greek city-state? What was this common to be that large?
2. List the make-up of a polis
Political rights
No political rights
Non citizens
3. What was Aristotle’s opinion on citizenship? Who was Aristotle?
4. What caused Greek colonization along the Mediterranean?
5. What emerged from the creation of these new city-states? Who supported them?
6. Once in power, who maintained order?
7. When did tyrants lose their power?
8. How did the Spartans create their city-states? Who did they conquer? What did they make them
do after capture?
9. What does Spartan mean?
10. Briefly describe the Spartans
Males (age 20)
Death
9
Males (age 30)
Males (age 60)
Women and children
11. What style of government were the Spartans accustomed to?
12. How did the Spartans treat the outside world? Why were they like this?
13. How was Athens ruled?
14. Briefly describe the turmoil of Athens
15. How did Solon attempt to reform Athens? Did it work?
16. What did Cleisthenes provide for Athens that his father Peisistratus could not?
Council
Assembly
Central political role
Sec 3
Delian League
Direct Democracy
Ostracism
1. Who was Darius seeking revenge against?
10
2. Who was Pheidippides? What was named after him?
3. How many soldiers and warships did Xerxes have at his disposal? How many did the Greeks and
Spartans have to fight with?
4. True or False: The Greeks and Spartans held off the Persians for 8 days
5. Where was the Persian Army defeated?
6. Under Pericles, what expanded? What type of government emerged?
7.
Athens Government
List responsibilities of the following:
Male Citizens
Every ten days
Assembly
Poor citizens
City officials
Generals
8. What happened if a person was viewed as being harmful by at least 6,000 members of its
society?
9. What did Athens become under the rule of Pericles? What made Athens the “school of Greece”?
11
10. Describe the lives of the following in Athens
Adults
Males
Foreigners
Slaves (Who owned them and where did they work)
11. Because of the number of people and lack of fertile land, what did Greece become?
12. How were women treated in Athenian society?
1.
2.
3.
13. What led to the Great Peloponnesian War?
14. Strategies for the Peloponnesian War
A. Athenians
B. Spartans
15. What happened during the second year of the war?
16. What happened to the Athenians at Aegospotami? Where did it ultimately do to Athens?
17. What did the war do to the Greek states? Instead of fighting one another who should they have
been paying attention to?
12
Sec 4
Philosophy
Socratic Method
1. Where did the gods live?
Olympian Gods
2.
Fill in the gods and their powers
3.
How would the Greeks worship their gods? (There are 2 ways)
4.
What did the oracle provide? Briefly describe the famous one.
5.
Describe the story of Croesus, as he consulted the oracle.
6.
Briefly describe the Parthenon, who was it dedicated to?
7.
What were the first Greek dramas?
8.
What was Sophocles greatest play? Describe it briefly.
9.
What were Greek comedies used for?
10.
Who was seen as the first real historian in Western civilization? What did he write?
13
11.
Who was considered the greatest historian of the ancient world? What events allowed him to
be granted this title?
12.
Who was considered the greatest philosopher of Western Civilization? What famous work did
he write? Why did he write it?
13.
Who was Plato’s most famous pupil? What did Aristotle about government?
Sect 5
Hellenistic Era
Stoicism
Epicureanism
1.
Who made Macedonia the chief power of the Greek world?
2.
What did the Athenians do because of the fear of Phillip II? When they fought, who won?
3.
Did Phillip II live long enough to ally himself with the Greeks to fight Persia? What happened?
4.
Who took over for Phillip II after his death? How was he? Why was he ready for this task? Who
was he seeking revenge against?
5.
By 332 B.C. what did Alexander have under his control? What did he build in Egypt?
14
6.
Where and why did Alexander die?
7.
Why did Alexander’s soldiers follow him? Who did he attempt to imitate and what did he carry
with him?
8.
Because of Alexander’s conquest how far did the Greek language and ideas spread do the nonGreek world?
Chapter 5 Sec 1 Rome
Republic
Patricians
Plebeians
Consuls
Praetors
1.
Who influenced the early development of Rome the most?
2.
What did the Romans do in 509 B.C.?
3.
Besides defeating the remaining Latin states, what allowed Rome to rule Italy?
Who had full Roman citizenship?
4.
List three things that made Rome successful
15
A.
B.
C.
5.
Briefly describe the roles of the Roman Senate
6.
Briefly describe the conflicts between the patricians and the plebeians
A.
B.
C.
7.
What was Rome’s first code of laws?
8.
The Twelve Tables transformed into what system of natural law?
9.
Briefly describe the First Punic War. Who founded Carthage and why did Rome fear it so much?
10.
Because of this war, what did Sicily become?
11.
Briefly describe the Second Punic War. Who was the leader of Carthage?
12.
What did Rome do to finally put an end to Carthage in the Third Punic War?
Because of Rome’s conquest of Macedonia, Greece, and Pergamum, Rome became master of
what?
16
Sec 2
Triumvirate
Rubicon
Pax Romana
Paterfamilias
1.
How did the Gracchus brothers attempt to change in Rome? What was their fate?
2.
Who formed the First Triumvirate and how did they come to power?
3.
After Crassus died, who did leading senators vote to take over power? Why did they fear
Caesar?
4.
What was Caesar response to Pompey’s appointment?
5.
What effect did Caesar have on Rome? What did he become in 45 B.C.?
6.
Rome under Caesar
Poor people?
Senate?
Expansion to the east?
Caesar’s demise?
7.
Who made up the Second Triumvirate? Who took the west and who took the east?
17
8.
What was the fate of both Octavian and Antony?
9.
In 27 B.C. who was considered the “restoration of the Republic”? Octavian became the first
what?
10.
What two titles was Augustus appointed to? Briefly define both
11.
Describe Nero’s reign
Sec 3
Insulae
paterfamilias
clergy
laity
1.
What was Livy known for?
2.
Who was Spartacus and what was he known for?
3.
What happened at the Circus Maximus?
Sec 4
1.
How did Cicero view religion?
2.
Were Romans tolerant of other religion? How so?
18
3.
Why was the Jerusalem temple destroyed?
4.
Jesus was considered a threat to Roman society? Because of this what was his fate?
5.
What effect did Paul have on Christianity after the death of Jesus?
6.
What was the New Testament? What was taught in it?
7.
How did the Romans view Christianity? What did Romans began to do to Christians? What did
Nero do?
8.
Growth of Christianity
List three reasons why Christianity spread throughout Rome
1.
2
3.

Who did Christianity ultimately appeal the most to?
9.
Who became the first Christian emperor?
10.
Who adopted Christianity as the official religion of the Roman Empire?
Sec 5
Plague
Inflation
19
1.
Who was the last of the five good emperors? What happened after he died?
2.
What did Diocletian do because Rome became too large for a single ruler? How did he hold on
to his power?
3.
What was Constantine’s biggest project during his rule? What did he rename it as? What did it
become?
4.
What two things drained public funds under Diocletian’s and Constantine’s rule?
5.
What did Diocletian attempt to do to defeat inflation? Did it work?
6.
How was the Roman Empire split? What was the capital in the east and the west?
7.
What two groups sacked Rome?
The Decline of Rome
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
20
21