Download Review for DCAS (7th grade material)

transpiration
Energy from the sun drives the Water Cycle.
Evaporation occurs when water particles are heated, then spread out and
turn into a gas that rises into the atmosphere.
transpiration
Condensation occurs when water vapor (a gas) cools down on a solid and
returns to liquid form.
transpiration
Transpiration is the process where plants give off extra water through
their leaves and the water evaporates into the atmosphere.
Can be represented using topographic maps.
Is important because it identifies the high points
on the land.
Since water runs downhill, you can see where the
run-off is coming from and what it might be
carrying with it.
Portion of United States Geological Survey topographic
map of Ubehebe Peak, California (Death Valley).
Wavy lines in the map are topographic contours. Numbers
in the map represent the elevation in feet above sea
level. Lines closer together represent a steeper slope.
A GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION OF A FAMILY AND THE
TRAITS THAT ARE SHOWN WITHIN THE FAMILY.
Males are represented with squares.
Females are represented with circles.
If the shape is colored in then the individual
shows the trait.
If the shape is half colored in then the individual does not
show the trait, but does carry the gene.
If the shape is blank, the individual does not show the
trait and does not carry the gene.
Is the result of half of the genes from each of two
parents.
Offspring get ½ of their genetic material from mom
and ½ from dad.
Offspring are different from their parents.
Is the result of a single organism creating an exact
clone of itself.
Offspring get 100% of their genes from one parent
And are an exact copy of the parent.
The differences between organisms that are
created sexually is necessary because the
differences make each individual capable of
adapting to different situations. This means that
given any particular circumstance, the species will
be able to survive.
Asexual organisms are all identical and are
therefore more likely to be wiped out by extreme
circumstances because all organisms have the
same weaknesses.
Are found on chromosomes and determine the
types of traits that will show up in an organism.
Dominant = Always represented with a capital
letter. Overpowers a recessive trait.
Recessive = represented with a lower-case letter.
It is a weaker gene and can be overshadowed by
a dominant trait.
Means “Type of Genes”
Represented by LETTERS.
Heterozygous means two different gene
strengths and is represented with one uppercase and one lower-case letter. Example: Bb
Homozygous mean two same strengths (either
both dominant or both recessive). Example:
BB or bb
The actual traits that are showing in the organism.
If brown fur is
dominant (B) and
yellow fur is recessive
(b) and a critter was
heterozygous then its
Genotype is (Bb), but
its Phenotype is brown
fur.
Examples:
Hair color
Eye color
A tool used to predict what kind of offspring will be
the result from two parents.
= Brown
= Yellow
Example: A heterozygous brown critter (Bb)
is mated with a homozygous recessive
critter (bb).
What color hair will the babies have?
2 = Brown
2 = Yellow
To be Living an organism must:
- Exchange gases (breathe)
- Need water
- Need nourishment
- Be able to reproduce
- Produce wastes
- Grow
Nonliving: Means the item was never alive
AHHHH!
Dead: Something that was living, but is no longer.
Dormant: When an organism does not show evidence of
being alive
Until it is put into the proper
environment
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
• The Basic Building Blocks of ALL LIVING THINGS
• Are Living
• Carry out all life functions
• Have specific structures that carry out specific jobs
Nucleus: Brain of the cell. Tells all other parts what to
do. This is where DNA is found.
Mitochondria: Where cell respiration occurs.
(Energy is made here)
Cell Membrane: Skin of the cell. Keeps bad stuff out of
the cell and keeps all the insides in.
Cytoplasm: Jelly like stuff that keeps everything in the
cell floating.
Cell Wall: Only found in
Plants. It is the outer
shell of a plant cell
provides structure and
protection.
Chloroplast: Only found
in Plants. Where
photosynthesis occurs
in plants
Photosynthesis: Plants cells use sunlight, water and
carbon dioxide to make sugar (food).
Cell Respiration: Both Plant and Animal Cells use sugar
and oxygen to make energy to live.
Humans eat sugar, breathe to get oxygen and have
blood to carry sugar and oxygen to the cells, so the
cells can make energy to keep us alive.
Solid
Gas
Liquid
Solid
Gas
Liquid
Solid: Particles have the least movement, heat energy
and space between the particles.
Liquid: Particles have medium movement, heat energy,
and space between particles.
Gas: Particles have the most movement, heat energy,
and space between particles.
Solid
Gas
Liquid
Remember, as matter changes from gas, to liquid, to
solid…
The particles do not increase in number.
The particles do not increase in size.
Definition: The amount of STUFF or matter in a certain
SPACE
FORMULA FOR DENSITY
DENSITY = MASS DIVIDED BY VOLUME OR
MASS = AMOUNT OF STUFF
VOLUME = SPACE
To help you remember the formula
I LOVE DENSITY
I
DENSITY
OR
= D OR
To find density, you must first be able to find the mass
and volume of an object.
To find the mass, place the item on a triple beam or an
electronic balance. The basic units of mass are grams or
kilograms.
TO FIND THE VOLUME OF A REGULAR SHAPE OBJECT
(ONE YOU CAN MEASURE WITH A RULER)
EXAMPLE: BLOCK OF WOOD
LENGTH X WIDTH X HEIGHTH OR LXWXH = V
What is the volume of the metal cube shown here (to the
nearest tenth of a cm)?
L X W X H OR 3 X 3 X 3
TO FIND VOLUME OF AN IRREGULAR SHAPED OBJECT
(SUCH AS A NAIL, A ROCK, OR SOMETHING YOU CAN’T
MEASURE WITH A RULER.)
YOU MUST USE A CONTAINER SUCH AS A GRADUATED
CYLINDER
TO FIND THE VOLUME
SUBTRACT THE BEFORE
READING FROM THE
AFTER RESULT.
180 ML
150 ML
180 ML – 150 ML
THE VOLUME IS 30 ML OR
BEFORE
AFTER
Is a property that can be used to identify a pure
substance because all pure substances have their own
unique density.
Densities of Common Elements and
Compounds
Density
Substance
grams per CM
Pine wood
0.35 -0.50
Water
1.00
Salt, NaCl
2.16
Aluminum, Al
2.70
Iron, Fe
7.80
Gold, Au
19.30
Mercury, Hg
13.5
Take a look at the two boxes below. Each box has the
same volume. If each ball has the same mass, which box
would weigh more? Why?
The box that has more balls has more mass per unit of
volume. This property of matter is called density. The
density of a material helps to distinguish it from other
materials. Since mass is usually expressed in grams and
volume in cubic centimeters, density is expressed in
grams/cubic centimeter.
If put together in
a container,
matter with the
least density
floats.
Matter with the
most density
sinks.
I
DENSITY
VOLUME = L X H X W
THERE ARE 3 MATERIALS. WHICH ONE
WOULD YOU USE TO BUILD THE BEST
FLOATATION DEVICE.
MATERIAL 1 – HAS A MASS OF 36 GRAMS. IT
MEASURES 7cm in LENGTH – 4cm in HEIGHT
and 2cm in WIDTH
MATERIAL 2 – HAS A MASS OF 30 GRAMS. IT
MEASURES 1cm in LENGTH – 5cm in HEIGHT
and 2cm in WIDTH
MATERIAL 3 – HAS A MASS OF 80 GRAMS. IT
MEASURES 5cm in LENGTH – 5cm in HEIGHT
and 5cm in WIDTH
A combination of two or more
substances that form a new
substance that has
characteristics from each.
Example: Salt water
A solution has two parts:
A. Solute: Matter that
dissolves.
B. Solvent: Matter that
causes another to
dissolve.
In salt water the solvent is the
water.
The solute is salt.
When there is so much solute in
a solvent that it can no longer
dissolve and the solute settles to
the bottom of the container.
Heat can increase the amount of
stuff that can dissolve in a
solvent.