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Answers Ws 3-3 Excretory System p. 72
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Where do the wastes produced from the body come from?
cells
What 2 places does the carbon dioxide produced from the cells go?
Blood stream, respiratory system
Where does solid waste go?
Digestive system
What happens to all the other waste? Dissolved in water and eliminated by the excretory system
What is the consequence of a cell that is unable to remove all its waste?
Poison itself & die
Define excretion.
Process of removing waste
Which system delivers nutrients to cells?
circulatory
How does waste move from the cell that produced it into the bloodstream?
diffusion
Why must all the blood from the body pass through the kidney in a fairly short period of time? To remove
waste from the blood
How much blood flows through the kidneys every minute?
1L /minute
What are some proteins used for?
Growth and repair
Where are proteins that are not used by the body taken?
liver
Describe 2 things that occur in the liver. A) proteins are broken down for energy
B) ammonia is changed into urea
Why does the liver change ammonia into urea? It is less toxic
What happens to the urea inside the liver?
Dissolved into the bloodstream and taken to the kidneys
What is the main part of the kidney?
nephrons
What is each nephron connected to? bloodstream
Why is the blood pressure so high in these blood vessels?
So that the waste inside the blood is pushed
out of the blood vessel s
Where does the waste inside the blood vessels get pushed? Across a thin membrane into a tubule
What happens to the waste that gets pushed into the tubule? It gets dissolved with a small amount of water
What does the tubule turn into?
ureter
What does the ureter connect to?
bladder
Give the function of the bladder.
Store urine
Fg. 1 p. 72. Give the function of each term. Artery
carries blood away from the heart
Vein
carries blood to the heart
Kidney
filters and cleans the blood
Ureter
carries liquid waste to the bladder from the kidney
Urethra
pea hole
fg 2. P. 73. Explain what is happening in the nephron (enlarged part of diagram) blood is going to the kidney
nephron where waste from the blood is pushed out into the tubules that connect to the bladder
Give another function of the excretory system. Regulate the amount of water in the body
Which organelle does a similar function in single celled protists?
Contractile vacuole
List 2 problems that people will experience if their kidney is not functioning properly. A) swelling of feet
b)
high blood pressure
Answers
Ws 3.4 p. 75
Digestive System
1. Animals cannot ……
make their own food
2. Where do animals get their food? Other organisms or from food products that come from other living things
3. Define digestion. Break large food molecules into smaller molecules
4. 3 uses of food are……
fuel, building blocks for growth, repair, enzymes for chemical reactions
5. Enzymes are used for ……. Speed up chemical reactions
6. What are the 2 openings of the digestive system called?
Mouth, anus
7. 3 functions of the digestive tube are…….
Muscle cells to grind up food, produce enzymes to break down large
molecules, storage or the absorption of digested molecules
8. Saliva serves 2 purposes, list them. Moistens food, enzymes that digest starch (type of carbohydrate)
9. Where does the chewed and moistened food go when you first swallow?
Esophagus and into stomach
10. Give the main function of stomach acid.
Secretes acid (gastric juice) to break down protein, grind up food
11. Where does food go after it leaves the stomach?
Small intestine
12. One of the functions of the pancreas is to…….
Produces a fluid that neutralizes the acid, produces enzymes that
digest proteins, carbohydrates and fats
13. Pancreas enzymes break down which types of food groups? produces enzymes that digest proteins, carbohydrates and
fats
14. One of the functions of the liver is to……… produce bile
15. Give the function of bile. Breaks down fat
16. Where is bile stored?
Gall bladder
17. What causes the gall bladder to release bile?
Food entering small intestine
18. Dyk (did you know) How long is the small intestine? 6-7 meters
19. Which 2 functions are completed by the end of the small intestine?
Digestion is completed, nutrients are absorbed
20. What passes into the large intestine?
Material that has not been absorbed into the body
21. Give the 2 most important functions of the large intestine.
Reabsorb water, collect not absorbed waste food
22. Where is the remaining unused solid waste eliminated?
anus
23. List the parts of the digestive system (fg 1) teeth, salivary gland, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, gall bladder, small
intestine, large intestine anus, liver
24. Cyu 3.4, answer the questions below.
25. CYU 3.4 p. 76
26. 1. Digestion is the breakdown of solid food into molecules that can be used by the cells of the body. Digestion
starts with the physical breakdown of food into smaller and smaller particles. Chemical digestion then breaks
down the very small particles into molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream and carried around the
body.
27. 2.
Digestion in
the mouth
• The physical breakdown of food by chewing starts the process of digestion.
• An enzyme in saliva begins to digest starch.
Digestion in
the stomach
• Very acidic gastric juices break down proteins in the food.
Digestion in
the small
intestine
• Pancreatic juices neutralize the acidic material that arrives from the stomach.
• Enzymes in the pancreatic juices break down proteins, carbohydrates, and fats.
• Bile, produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder, is released when food enters the small
intestine. Bile breaks down fats.
• Nutrients are absorbed through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream as the
digested food passes through.
28. 3. The mucous coating that lines the stomach protects the cells of the stomach wall from the very acidic gastric
juices. Removing the mucous coating allows the acidic contents of the stomach to irritate the lining and rupture
the tiny blood vessels, causing bleeding in the stomach.