Download Field Phenotyping Uwe Rascher IBG

Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft
Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften
IBG-2: Pflanzenwissenschaften
Imaging and Understanding the Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Sun-Induced
Fluorescence Using the Airborne Demonstrator HyPlant
Uwe Rascher*, Andreas Burkart, Maria-Pilar Cendrero, Maria Matveeva, Anke Schickling, Luis Alonso, Sergio Cogliati, Roberto Colombo,
Alexander Damm, Matthias Drusch, Yves Goulas, Jan Hanus, Andreas Huth, Elizabeth Middleton, Franco Miglietta, Gina Mohammed, Jose
Moreno, Micol Rossini, Dirk Schüttemeyer, Christiaan van der Tol, Wout Verhoef, Frantizcek Zemek
* Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Germany
AGU 2016 – San Francisco - 16 Dec 2016
Scaling the processes from single leaves to the 300 x 300 m
FLEX pixel: a question of structure and function
Photosynthesis: The fundamental biophysical and biochemical
process to sustain life on earth
Pigments, photosystems and photosynthesis: a highly
structured biological ‘super-complex’
LHCII
LHCII
CP43
CP47
CP47
CP43
LHCII
LHCII
Model according to Zouni et al.
Nature (2001) 409: 739-743
Pigments, photosystems and photosynthesis: a highly
structured biological ‘super-complex’ that emits fluorescence
Burkart et al. (2014) Einblicke in die
Chlorophyllfluoreszenz - Das
Leuchten der Photosynthese.
Biologie in unserer Zeit, 44, 182-186.
The origin of fluorescence – an indicator for
photosynthetic efficiency
Photosynthesis
1. Chlorophyll molecules emit fluorescence. The intensity of the fluorescence
signal is a function of light intensity and the concentration of chlorophyll
2. In natural photosystems the chlorophyll molecules are imbedded in a complex
matrix that modulates the spectrum and the intensity of fluorescence
The origin of fluorescence – an indicator for
photosynthetic efficiency
 Photosynthesis is a highly regulated process that
involves a cascade of electron transfers (Light
reaction) to fuel carbon fixation (Calvin cycle)
 Fluorescence is emitted from the cores of the
photosynthetic machinery: Photosystems I and II
Fluorescence techniques are the most widely
used approaches to investigate photosynthesis
 Leaf level measurements to
understand the functional link
between photosynthetic regulation
and fluorescence emission
 Various instruments available and
currently ~750 Papers published
per year (ISI core collection).
 Most of these methods use active
approaches, such as PAM,
saturating light pulses or lasers
induced fluorescence transients
Murchie & Lawson (2013) Chlorophyll
fluorescence analysis: a guide to good
practice and understanding some new
applications. Journal of Experimental Botany,
Vol. 64, No. 13, pp. 3983–3998,
Rascher et al. (2010) Sensing of photosynthetic
activity of crops. In Precision Crop Protection the Challenge and Use of Heterogeneity.
Springer Science+Business Media B.V., doi
10.1007/978-90-481-9277-9_6.
Recently, the measurements of sun-induced
fluorescence complemented the portfolio
 The information content of suninduced fluorescence is rather poor
(in comparison to active methods)
 But sun-induced fluorescence
allows to make use of the two
fluorescence peaks, which contain
new information on the contribution
of the two photosystems
 Sun-induced fluorescence (and
photosynthesis) can be assessed
on the canopy, ecosystem and
global scale
Van Wittenberghe et al. (2013)
Environ. Pollution, 173, 29-37
FLEX L2 product 1: Fluorescence emission
(1) Fluorescence emission at the
oxygen absorption bands
(O2-A & O2-B)
(F687 and F760)
FLEX L2 product 1: Fluorescence emission
(1) Fluorescence emission at the
oxygen absorption bands
(O2-A & O2-B)
(F687 and F760)
(2) Fluorescence emission at two
peaks and the position of the peaks
(λ<680>, F<680>, λ<740>, F<740>)
FLEX L2 product 1: Fluorescence emission
(1) Fluorescence emission at the
oxygen absorption bands
(O2-A & O2-B)
(F687 and F760)
(2) Fluorescence emission at two
peaks and the position of the peaks
(λ<680>, F<680>, λ<740>, F<740>)
(3) Total, integrated fluorescence
emission (Ftot)
FLEX L2 product 1: Fluorescence emission
(1) Fluorescence emission at the
oxygen absorption bands
(O2-A & O2-B)
(F687 and F760)
(2) Fluorescence emission at two
peaks and the position of the peaks
(λ<680>, F<680>, λ<740>, F<740>)
(3) Total, integrated fluorescence
emission (Ftot)
(4) Fluorescence emission from the
two photosystems (PSI & PSII)
(FPSI and FPSII)
Top-of-canopy sun-induced fluorescence:
Strucuture / Function Interplay across vegetation types
 Top-of-canopy measurements help to understand the
functional diversity of fluorescence emission across biomes
F760
F685
Rossini et al (2016)
Remote Sensing 8, 412
Migliavacca et al. New
Phytologist, in press
Canopy mapping of sun-induced fluorescence
 Mapping of sun-induced fluorescence shows great
spatial heterogeneity of fluorescence emission across
the canopy
 Interplay of the variations of light intensity within natural
canopies and the three dimensional leaf display
Rascher & Nedbal (2006)
Current Opinion in Plant
Biology, 9, 671-678
0
4
Pinto et al. (2016) Plant, Cell
and Environment, 39, 1500–
1512
Canopy mapping of sun-induced fluorescence:
Structure / Function Interplay
 Additionally, functional (physiological) regulation of
photosynthesis that happens in the course of a day
influences fluorescence emission on the canopy scale
Pinto et al. (2016) Plant, Cell and
Environment, 39, 1500–1512
HyPlant: A high-resolution airborne spectrometer
with FLEX like measurement characteristics
 Airborne sensor HyPlant allows the mapping of
sun-induced fluorescence on the larger scale
 High resolution imaging spectrometer with a
FLEX-like module in the red and far-red
spectral region (FWHM: 0.25nm)
DUAL module
Rascher et al. (2015) Global Change
Biology, 21, 4673–4684
FLUO module
HyPlant: A high-resolution airborne spectrometer
with FLEX like measurement characteristics
 Optimized imaging spectrometer
for fluorescence retrieval having
 High spectral resolution
 good SNR
 Low stray light
 Stable sensor configuration
Rascher et al. (2015) Global Change Biology, 21, 4673–4684
Damm et al. (2011) Modeling the impact of spectral sensor
configurations on the FLD retrieval accuracy of sun-induced chlorophyll
fluorescence. Remote Sensing of Environment, 115, 1882-1892
Relative error
HyPlant: A high-resolution airborne spectrometer
with FLEX like measurement characteristics
 Optimized imaging spectrometer
for fluorescence retrieval having
 High spectral resolution
 good SNR
 Low stray light
 Stable sensor configuration
0.6 nm
0.2 nm
SNR
Rascher et al. (2015) Global Change Biology, 21, 4673–4684
Damm et al. (2011) Remote Sensing of Environment, 115, 1882-1892
HyPlant: A high-resolution airborne spectrometer
with FLEX like measurement characteristics
 Optimized imaging spectrometer
for fluorescence retrieval
 Processing pipeline developed
that includes
HyPlant: A high-resolution airborne spectrometer
with FLEX like measurement characteristics
 Optimized imaging spectrometer
for fluorescence retrieval
 Processing pipeline developed
that includes
 Advanced and careful preprocessing including
deconvolution for point-spead
function (PSF)
HyPlant: A high-resolution airborne spectrometer
with FLEX like measurement characteristics
 Optimized imaging spectrometer
for fluorescence retrieval
 Processing pipeline developed
that includes
 Advanced and careful preprocessing including
deconvolution for point-spead
function (PSF)
 Three way to retrieve
fluorescence (both peaks and
total fluorescence)
HyPlant: A high-resolution airborne spectrometer
with FLEX like measurement characteristics
 Used to derive the uncoupling of greenness
indices and fluorescence in agriculture
[Rascher et al (2015) Global Change Biol., 21, 4673-4684]
Grass
Fruit trees
Sugar beet
Corn
HyPlant: A high-resolution airborne spectrometer
with FLEX like measurement characteristics
 Used to derive the uncoupling of greenness
indices and fluorescence in agriculture
[Rascher et al (2015) Global Change Biol., 21, 4673-4684]
 First demonstration that functional blockage
of photosynthesis can be mapped from
aircraft
[Rossini et al (2015) GRL, 42, doi:10.1002/2014GL062943]
HyPlant: A high-resolution airborne spectrometer
with FLEX like measurement characteristics
 Used to derive the uncoupling of greenness
indices and fluorescence in agriculture
[Rascher et al (2015) Global Change Biol., 21, 4673-4684]
 First demonstration that functional blockage
of photosynthesis can be mapped from
aircraft
[Rossini et al (2015) GRL, 42, doi:10.1002/2014GL062943]
 Improved mapping of species diversity in a
diverse forest ecosystem / development of
fluorescence retrieval scheme
[Talk from S. Cogliatti et al. – Tuesday afternoon]
[Talk from L. Alonso et al. – Tuesday afternoon]
HyPlant: A high-resolution airborne spectrometer
with FLEX like measurement characteristics
 Used to derive the uncoupling of greenness
indices and fluorescence in agriculture
[Rascher et al (2015) Global Change Biol., 21, 4673-4684]
 First demonstration that functional blockage
of photosynthesis can be mapped from
aircraft
[Rossini et al (2015) GRL, 42, doi:10.1002/2014GL062943]
 Improved mapping of species diversity in a
diverse forest ecosystem / development of
fluorescence retrieval scheme
[Talk from S. Cogliatti et al. – Tuesday afternoon]
[Talk from L. Alonso et al. – Tuesday afternoon]
 Distangling leaf and canopy effects on
fluorescence emission
[Talk from M.-P. Cendrero et al. – Wednesday morning]
HyPlant: A high-resolution airborne spectrometer
with FLEX like measurement characteristics
 Used to derive the uncoupling of greenness
indices and fluorescence in agriculture
[Rascher et al (2015) Global Change Biol., 21, 4673-4684]
 First demonstration that functional blockage
of photosynthesis can be mapped from
aircraft
[Rossini et al (2015) GRL, 42, doi:10.1002/2014GL062943]
 Improved mapping of species diversity in a
diverse forest ecosystem / development of
fluorescence retrieval scheme
[Talk from S. Cogliatti et al. – Tuesday afternoon]
[Talk from L. Alonso et al. – Tuesday afternoon]
 Distangling leaf and canopy effects on
fluorescence emission
[Talk from M.-P. Cendrero et al. – Wednesday morning]
 Make nice brochures and posters
Information content of the two
peaks
Two fluorescence peaks (F687
and F760) gives complementary
information on the functional
status of vegetation
Corn
Sugarbeet
Wieneke et al. (2016) Remote Sensing of Environment,
184, 654-667 doi:10.1016/j.rse.2016.07.025
Information content of the two
peaks
Monteith model
F760 slightly improves forward
modeling of diurnal courses of GPP.
Eddy tower
Wieneke et al. (2016) Remote Sensing of Environment,
184, 654-667 doi:10.1016/j.rse.2016.07.025
Concept to translate sun-induced fluorescence to
actual rates of photosynthesis
modified from Zhu et al. (2011) Annu.
Rev. Plant Biol. 61:235–61
Concept to translate sun-induced fluorescence to
actual rates of photosynthesis
modified from Zhu et al. (2011) Annu.
Rev. Plant Biol. 61:235–61
Understanding sun-induced fluorescence:
A matter to understand Structure / Function Relations
Structure
Function
X
Conclusions and outlook
FLEX, HyPlant and sun-induced fluorescence
 Two peak fluorescence emission can be retrieved from the ground to the
airborne level.
 Whole pipeline of ground measuring systems and airborne spectrometer
(HyPlant) is available to measure fluorescence across scales
 Reflectance and sun-induced fluorescence facilitate the transfer to actual
photosynthetic electron transport rates (no simple linear correlation)
Challenges:
 Understand interplay between canopy structure and photosynthetic
functioning and its relation to the fluorescence peaks
 Mechanistically relate the two-peak feature (and pigment changes, dynamics
in PRI range) to photosynthesis and stress ( product development)
Many thanks to my group
Many thanks to the numerous partners