Download International Standards and Assessment Linda Darling

International Standards and Assessment
Linda Darling-Hammond (Professor of Teaching and Teacher Education, Stanford
University) “Lessons from Abroad: International Standards and Assessments”
webinar Nov. 17, 2009. (Retrieved online from http://www.edutopia.org/webinarnovember)
Worldwide, Reform Initiatives Generally Seek to:
 Emphasize expectations for higher-order skills along with rich content that
represents core concepts and modes of inquiry.
 Teach less, learn more: Focus the curriculum on standards that are fewer,
higher, and deeper to allow more time to apply ideas in depth.
 Increase emphasis on project work and tasks requiring research, analysis,
application, self-assessment, production and active learning. And expand
assessment of these intellectual skills, through the use of performance tasks
on tests and in the classroom.
 Develop assessments of, as, and for learning.
 Arm teachers with learning processes and greater capacity to use a wide
range of assessment tools to analyze and strengthen learning.
Common Assessment Practices in Countries where students perform well on
international assessments
 Tasks and assessment practices emphasize demonstrations of learning applied
in authentic contexts.
 Assessments are designed to continuously improve teaching and learning.
 Assessments include evidence of actual student performance on challenging
tasks that evaluate a wide range of applied skills.
 Teachers are integrally involved in the development and scoring of assessments
(as are university faculty).
 Assessments are used to inform course grades and provide information to
colleges and employers about competencies students have acquired.
 Assessments are part of a tightly integrated system of standards, curriculum,
instruction, assessment, and teacher development at the state or national level.
How might this inform the professional learning and assessment practices in
schools?
 Be sure that end-of-year on-demand tests include both short analytic
questions and rich, open-ended tasks to demonstrate applications of
knowledge and skills.
 Organize a small number of curriculum-embedded assessments throughout
the year around core concepts or big ideas in the discipline.
 Enable teachers to score tasks with common rubrics and discuss
discrepancies and evidence of learning
 Create processes for moderation and auditing of scoring (like reliability
reviews)

o Teachers help select student work for use in setting benchmarks
within a school or department
o Teachers meet together to assess student work and look for evidence
of understanding in a moderated process.
o Scores are reviewed, benchmarked, and calibrated to achieve
consistency.
Design materials and supports for formative assessments within the
curriculum materials tied to core concepts or competencies.
What can individual teachers do?
 Access resources on developing more productive assessments.
 Work with others to develop and expand performance assessments within
local curriculum.
 Help develop performance assignments and accompanying scoring criteria
1. Example of Performance-based Assessment Task from Queensland
Australia
Prepare preconference materials for an International Science and Ethics Conference
Students are required to identify, explore, and make judgments about a
biotechnological process to which there are ethical dimensions. Students must
identify scientific techniques used as well as recent significant contributions to the
field. They must also research frameworks of ethical principles for coming to terms
with an identified ethical issue or question. Using this information, students then
prepare preconference materials for an international conference that will feature
selected speakers who are leading lights in their respective fields.
In order to complete this task, students must first choose and explore an area of
biotechnology where there are ethical issues under consideration and undertake
laboratory activities that help them understand some of the laboratory practices
and principles involved. Specifically students are asked to:
a) provide a written explanation of the fundamental technological differences
in some of the techniques used, or of potential use, in this area (included in the
preconference package for delegates who are not necessarily experts in this area).
b) consider the range of ethical issues raised in regard to this area’s purposes and
actions, and scientific techniques and principles, and present a deep analysis of an
ethical issue about which there is a debate in terms of an ethical framework.
c) select six real-life people who have made relevant contributions to this area and
write a précis of 150–200 words about each one, indicating his/her contribution,
as well as a letter of invitation to one of them.
Applications of Knowledge and Skills Assessed in Science and Ethics
Conference being measured:
•research and analytic skills.
•laboratory practices.
•understanding biological and chemical structures and systems,
nomenclature and notations.
•organizing, arranging, sifting through, and making sense of ideas.
•communicating using formal correspondence.
•précis writing with a purpose.
•understanding ethical issues and principles.
•time management.
2. Example of High School Biology Final Exam Victoria Australia
When scientists design drugs against infectious agents, the term “designed drug” is
often used.
A. Explain what is meant by this term.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Scientists aim to develop a drug against a particular virus that infects humans. The
virus has a protein coat, and different parts of the coat play different roles in the
infective cycle. Some sites assist in the attachment of the virus to a host cell; others
are important in the release from a host cell. The structure is represented in the
following diagram:
The virus reproduces by attaching itself to the surface of a host cell and injecting its
DNA into the host cell. The viral DNA then uses the components of host cell to
reproduce its parts, and hundreds of new viruses bud off from the host cell.
Ultimately, the host cell dies.
Analysis and Application of Knowledge
B. Design a drug that will be effective against this virus. In your answer, outline the
important aspects you would need to consider. Outline how your drug would
prevent continuation of the cycle of reproduction of the virus particle. Use diagrams
in your answer. Space for diagrams is provided on the next page.
Design and Scientific Inquiry
Before a drug is used on humans, it is usually tested on animals. In this case, the
virus under investigation also infects mice.
C. Design an experiment, using mice, to test the effectiveness of the drug you have
designed.
School-Based Coursework Assessment
Victoria, Australia
In Unit 3 Biology, students are assessed on six pieces of work related the three
outcomes specified in the syllabus.
Outcome 1: three practical tasks (student designed and enacted labs), one on plant
and animal cells, another on enzymes, and a third on membranes.
Outcome 2: Two practical activities related to maintaining a stable internal
environment—one for animals, one for plants.
Outcome 3: A scientific research report/presentation on characteristics of
pathogenic organisms and mechanisms by which organisms can defend against
disease.