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Download 10.02 Notes----Turning Points of WWII
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Transcript
10.02 Notes Turning Points of WWII Blitzkrieg Click here for blitzkrieg • Attack Poland Sept 1939 • Britain and France declare war on Germany • Lightning war Battle of Britain Battle for the domination of the skies of Britain. If Hitler and his Luftwaffe win, he will going to invade England! Battle of Britain handout Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few Click here Stalingrad The Battle of Stalingrad “The Russians were as determined to protect Stalingrad as Hitler was to take it…….” Screen 2 The Soviets counterattacked…... ….now the German army was surrounded! Stalingrad- click here •THE turning point of the war in Europe Bloodiest Battle in recorded history THE major turning point of WWII. 1-2 million casualties • Axis powers lost ¼ of eastern front manpower • USSR commanders— total disregard for human life Shhhhh… .. listen up George Patton Click here for Patton clip •Leading US Combat General of WWII •Expert in Tank Warfare •Used as decoy for D-Day 5 WWII Conference Groups 5 WWII Conferences Group assignments • Atlantic • Casablanca • Tehran • Yalta • Potsdam • Researchers • Recorder • Write on Board Atlantic Charter Atlantic Charter • August 1941 – Churchill and FDR – Colonies get self-determination – “general security” alliance Signaled a deepening alliance between UK and US Casablanca Stalin not able to make it— Nazis are invading 20 % attrition rate at first 1. Increase bombing of Germany 2. Invade Italy 3. Unconditional surrender • 1. Increase bombing of Germany • 2. Invade Italy- help USSR • 3. Unconditional surrender Anzio 1. Increase bombing of Germany 2. Invade Italy 3. Unconditional surrender Rome Anzio Gustav Line Salerno 1. Increase bombing of Germany 2. Invade Italy 3. Unconditional surrender Doolittles Raid Doolittle’s Raid had 2 effects: • 1. Japanese civilians no longer saw themselves as invincible • 2. America needed some good news badly! Battle of Coral Sea Screen 2 Screen 2 Screen 2 USS Yorktown Battle of Coral Sea • This is as far as Japanese would advance • Saves Australia from invasion • Shows “US down, but not out” Midway Screen 2 Battle of Midway Witness to the Moment handout • 1. THE turning point in the war of the Pacific • 2. Losing Midway=California • 3. Yamamoto after Aleutians too ! • 4. US code breakers • 5. US victory 4:1 • 6. Never threaten Hawaii again • 7. Japan now on defensive • • • • • • • 1. THE turning point in the war of the Pacific 2. Losing Midway=California 3. Yamamoto after Aleutians too ! 4. US code breakers 5. US victory 4:1 6. Never threaten Hawaii again 7. Japan now on defensive • • • • • • • 1. THE turning point in the war of the Pacific 2. Losing Midway=California 3. Yamamoto after Aleutians too ! 4. US code breakers 5. US victory 4:1 6. Never threaten Hawaii again 7. Japan now on defensive • • • • • • • 1. THE turning point in the war of the Pacific 2. Losing Midway=California 3. Yamamoto after Aleutians too ! 4. US code breakers 5. US victory 4:1 6. Never threaten Hawaii again 7. Japan now on defensive • • • • • • • 1. THE turning point in the war of the Pacific 2. Losing Midway=California 3. Yamamoto after Aleutians too ! 4. US code breakers 5. US victory 4:1 6. Never threaten Hawaii again 7. Japan now on defensive • • • • • • • 1. THE turning point in the war of the Pacific 2. Losing Midway=California 3. Yamamoto after Aleutians too ! 4. US code breakers 5. US victory 4:1 6. Never threaten Hawaii again 7. Japan now on defensive Japan loses 4 carriers and 200 of their best pilots---- • • • • • • • 1. THE turning point in the war of the Pacific 2. Losing Midway=California 3. Yamamoto after Aleutians too ! 4. US code breakers 5. US victory 4:1 6. Never threaten Hawaii again 7. Japan now on defensive Japan have better fighters in the beginning, but not near the quality of US pilots. Air superiority gained quickly in Pacific • • • • • • • 1. THE turning point in the war of the Pacific 2. Losing Midway=California 3. Yamamoto after Aleutians too ! 4. US code breakers 5. US victory 4:1 6. Never threaten Hawaii again 7. Japan now on defensive Screen 2 Now to Island Hopping • • • • • • • 1. THE turning point in the war of the Pacific 2. Losing Midway=California 3. Yamamoto after Aleutians too ! 4. US code breakers 5. US victory 4:1 6. Never threaten Hawaii again 7. Japan now on defensive Chester Nimitz -After Pearl, in Charge of Pacific Fleet -Bold and wise moves wins the day at Midway Tehran Conference •Allies agree to invade France to relieve Soviet forces on Eastern Front D-Day D-Day is the name given to the day of the Allied invasion of France during WWII. It began on June 6, 1944, and was the greatest land-and-sea operation in history. Commanded by Dwight D. Eisenhower, the Allied forces decided to invade Normandy, since their only other option, Pas De Calais, was highly secured. Screen 2 A little after daybreak, 4,000 transports, 800 warships, and an unknown number of smaller boats arrived at the beaches of Normandy with the US and British armies. H-Hour…..June 6th, 1944 The Allies invaded five beaches: Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno, and Sword. Omaha was the toughest of them all. Two American divisions were sent to Omaha, giving it the highest number of casualties out of all five,about 2,400 casualties at Omaha on June 6. Omaha consisted of 8 concrete bunkers, 35 pillboxes, 4 artillery batteries, 18 anti-tank guns, 35 rocket launching sites, no less than 85 machine gun nests, and countless Germans with small arms. Obstacles found on Omaha Beach Another obstacle was the Atlantic Wall. It was built along the western coast of Europe to guard against an allied invasion. The Germans thought the attacks would be on Calais. Once they realized Normandy was the true site of invasion, it was too late. The allied forces had already started to establish a firm control of France. The D-Day invasion was successful and turned the course of WWII and world history. By landing in Normandy, the Allies made an opening where they could strike at the heart of Nazi Germany. Many movies were made and books written about D-Day, such as The Longest Day and Saving Private Ryan.”D-Day” in military terms, is simply the first day of a major operation. However, in American history and culture, it means the invasion of Normandy, an event that changed world history forever. Scene from the movie “Saving Private Ryan” “burn down Paris” Battle of the Bulge Screen 2 • December 1944--@ a month long • Last Major German Offensive • Exhausts everything Germany had…and almost succeeded Island Hopping Read p. 691—Advancing in the Pacific • Feb-March 1945 Screen 2 Iwo Jima Okinawa Screen 2 Most guns, ships, troops, planes, bombs, deaths, ect…… • 1. Most costly battle of Pacific –US=12, 000 killed –207,000 military and civilians killed •Gave an insight of how costly an Invasion of Japan would be! VE Day May 8, 1945 Day Germany surrenders TRANSPARENCY The Allies Win the War Harry Truman FDR dies 3 weeks before VE Day Decides to use the new atomic weapon Manhatten Project Most expensive and impressive government project of our history up to the moon in 1969. • 100,000 employed • Billions of 1940’s dollars ! J. Robert Oppenheimer In charge of the Manhattan Project– the brains Atomic Bomb Hiroshima and Nagasaki Screen 2 Yalta Conference Big 3—Stalin makes SOME promises—can’t push him Potsdam Stalin makes some promises, but clear he will do as he pleases with Eastern Europe Screen 2 Nuremberg Trials Click here •Nazi Leaders and war criminals tried for War Crimes