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BI 200 - Exam #3 Spring 2003 Name Lab Section Disclaimer Consider each question, and answer each in the appropriate format (e.g., True or False). You may qualify your answer if you have reservations. If your comments have merit, you may receive partial or full credit. Multiple Choice - 2 points each 1. Which of the following organisms is a photosynthetic archaea? a. b. c. d. Oscillatoria Chromatium Euglena Halobacterium 2. Which of the following phototrophs make ATP via substrate level phosphorylation? a. b. c. d. e. Archaea Anoxygenic Oxygenic All of the above None of the above 3. Which pigment is associated with archaean photosynthesis? a. b. c. d. Bacteriorhodopsin Chlorophyll Carotenoid Phycobillins 4. An external electron donor for the reduction of NADP to NADPH in the green nonsulfur bacteria is a. b. c. d. H2O H2SO4 H2 H2S 5. Oxygenic photosynthesis is also known as a. b. c. d. Cyclic photosynthesis Non-cyclic photosynthesis Photosystem I Gametogenesis 6. Chlorophyll structure includes all of the following except a. b. c. d. Polypeptide Phytol Magnesium Tetrapyrole ring structure 7. The highly folded inner thyllakoid membranes of cyanobacteria and chloroplasts are stacked in disc like structures called a. b. c. d. mitochondria stroma the matrix grana 8. Cytochrome structure includes all of the following except a. b. c. d. Polypeptide Phytol Iron Tetrapyrole ring structure 9. Cyanobacteria form what differentiated cell type to carry out nitrogen fixation a. b. c. d. spores heterocysts stromatolites carboxysomes 10. How many quanta, or units of light energy must be absorbed for oxygenic photosynthesis? a. b. c. d. zero one two three 11. Which of the following is not involved in prokaryotic transcription? a. sigma factor b. introns c. the promotor d. the operator region 12. The number of nucleotide bases on a strand of DNA required to code for a polypeptide consisting of 150 amino acids would be: a. 50 b. 150 c. 300 d. 450 e. 600 13. In conjugation genes on plasmids are transferred in matings between: a. b. c. d. e. two F- strains F+ and F- cells two F+ strains a and b b and c 14. The type of bacterial virus which is covalently inserted into its host’s DNA is called a. b. c. d. bacteriophage temperate phage macrophage virulent phage 15. Of the following, the earliest of these proteins expressed during a lytic infection is a. b. c. d. capsomere tail fiber protein lysozyme DNA polymerase 16. When DNA or RNA is being synthesized the next nucleotide is added to the ______ of the existing chain a. b. c. d. e. 5’ phosphate 3’ phosphate 2’ hydrogen 3’ hydroxyl 5’ hydroxyl 17. Proteins interact predominantly within which portion of the DNA molecule? a. major groove b. minor groove c. supercoil d. 4’ carbon 18. Supercoiling in prokaryotes is typically introduced by ______________ blank which creates _________________ breaks in the DNA a. b. c. d. Topoisomerase I; single stranded Topoisomerase I; double stranded Topoisomerase II; single stranded Topoisomerase II; double stranded 19. AT-rich DNA will melt a. at a higher temperature than GC-rich DNA b. at a lower temperature than GC-rich DNA c. at the same temperature as GC-rich DNA 20. Chlorophyll a is green because it a. absorbs green light and reflects red and blue light b. absorbs red and blue light and reflects green light c. absorbs red and blue light and fluoresces green light d. absorbs green light and what it reflects is irrelevant 21. Viruses may be as small as a. 0.02 nm b. 0.02 m c. 0.02 mm d. 0.02 inches 22. The virus that poses the largest health threat to human beings, in terms of number of people that have died since the turn of the century, is a. b. c. d. e. HIV rhabdovirus orthomyxovirus Ebola virus T4 23. Which part of RNA polymerase in prokaryotes is responsible for recognizing the promotor region a. b. c. d. alpha beta sigma core 24. If a bacterial chromosome contains 30% adenine bases, what will be the percent of guanine? a. b. c. d. 0% 20% 30% 40% 25. Which of the following types of photosynthetic microbes carries out anoxygenic photosynthesis? a. b. c. d. cyanobacteria - Anabena archaebacteria - Halobacterium nonsulfur purple bacteria - Rhodopseudomonas sulfate reducing bacteria - Desulfovibrio 4 secret free points True or False (1 point each) Place the whole word True or the whole word False before each of the following statements indicating their validity ___________ Transcription and translation are said to be coupled in prokaryotes. ___________ Eukaryotic genes contain non-coding regions called exons. ___________ Transcription is carried out by ribosomes ___________ RNA processing involves removal of 5’caps and 3’tails. ___________ Supercoiling in prokaryotes does not involve histone protein ___________ The lacZ gene codes for Lactose Permease ___________ Mutations are errors during translation ___________ Codons are normally larger than transposons ___________ Introns occur in prokaryotic genes. ___________ A theta structure occurs in a partially replicated eukaryotic chromosome. ___________ Complementary strands of DNA are identical in base composition ___________ The membrane of an enveloped virus is taken from the host cell ___________ BI 200 (micro) is harder than BO 200 or ZO 200 ___________ BI 200 is more fun than BO 200 or ZO 200 10 points - In studying several unusual organisms found on a meteorite from Mars you are able to sequence their entire genomes. Given the information below indicate if each is most likely prokaryotic, eukaryotic, or virus, and name any genetic elements indicated. Organism 1 – 6,800 bases of single stranded RNA. Organism 2 – 1.4 x 106 base pairs of double stranded DNA. There is a single copy of this element, and it is circular. There is an average of 20 copies of a smaller element, 8,600 base pairs of DNA, and it is also circular. Organism 3 – 4 x 108 base pairs of DNA distributed among 3 pairs of linear pieces of DNA. Within the sequence, there is a 300 base segment that is repeated 100,000 times. Organism 4 – 3 x 107 base pairs of DNA distributed among 4 pairs of linear pieces of DNA. There is another genetic element of 10,000 base pairs of linear DNA. There is also another genetic element that is a sequence of 1200 base pairs of DNA and occurs twice in the chromosome, and once in the smaller linear piece of DNA. Organism 5 – 1.8 x 106 base pairs of DNA found in a single linear chromosome. There is one copy per cell. Some cells have an additional element of 48,000 base pairs always inserted in the same spot in that chromosome. 1 point each. Fill in the blank from the viruses listed on this page. There may be more than one correct answer, and you may use an answer more than once, but put only one answer for each. _________________________________ A sexually transmitted disease that can cause cervical cancer _________________________________ Any bacteriophage _________________________________ Exhibits an unusually wide range of vertebrate hosts _________________________________ Any icosohedral virus _________________________________ Any disease caused by a prion _________________________________ Any helical virus _________________________________ Your favorite virus _________________________________ Any enveloped virus _________________________________ Your least favorite virus _________________________________ Any complex virus _________________________________ HIV is this type of virus _________________________________ A temperate bacteriophage _________________________________ Causes a lytic infection in bacteria _________________________________ Causes a lytic infection in people _________________________________ Poliovirus is an example of this type of virus _________________________________ Causes a persistant infection _________________________________ The type of virus that causes SARS is thought to be _________________________________ Causes small pox , Beta , lambda Adenovirus BSE Chronic wasting disease Corona virus Creutzfeldt-Jakob Ebola virus Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Herpesvirus HIV kuru Lambda M13 Mu Orthomyxovirus Papilloma virus (HPV) Parvovirus Picornavirus Poxvirus Retrovirus Rhabdovirus Rhinovirus scrapie T4 Diagram (10 points). Make a diagram of the coupled transcription and translation of the lac operon. Indicate the DNA, the lacZ, lacY, and lacA genes, RNA polymerase, polycistronic mRNA, ribosomes, and newly formed proteins. Also indicate the promoter, operator, where the RNA polymerase binds. This is also known as the “Christmas tree” structure, or polysome.