Download Revision (Clinical Engineer)

Revision (Clinical Engineer)
Define :
1-Clinical engineer
2-Hospital engineer
3-Clinical and hospital equipments
4-Four typical responsibilities of clinical engineer(8,9)
Complete
1-When biomedical engineer works within a hospital or clinic, they are properly called clinical
engineer..
2-Supervision ,training of medical personnel equipment inventory are typical Engineering
responsibilities.
3-Safety is a condition of being safe from Injury ,damage and danger.
4-Risk Management Helps hospital to Avoiding exposure risks Minimizing liability .
5-Healthcare technology includes the devices, equipment, systems, software, supplies,
pharmaceuticals, biotechnologies, medical and surgical procedures .
6-Technology life cycle is a process by which technology is created, tested, applied, and
replaced or abandoned
7- Use the technology life cycle in understanding and analyzing healthcare technology.
8- Healthcare engineer, hospital engineer, biomedical equipment technician are other terms
specifying “clinical Engineer”
9- Cost-Effectiveness is a process that combines qualitative and quantitative considerations in
order to know the costs of a project compared to the resultant benefits.
10-Maintenance is divided into two corrective and preventive
11-Market procurement is to Improve the knowledge of medical equipment market
12- Quality Assurance (QA) & Quality Improvement (QI) are formal sets of activities to
measure the quality of care
13-Heart contracts generating action potential.
14-The spreading electrical currents create potentials differences which can be detected
through surface electrodes
15-The waveform of ECG produced is called the electrocardiogram
16-Three distinct waves are produced during cardiac cycle P wave, QRS complex ,T wave
17-The isolation circuit of the ECG is designed to isolate signal and line power source by using
an optical method
18- Macroshock is a physiological response to a current applied to the surface of the body that
produces unwanted or unnecessary stimulation, muscles, contractions or tissue injury
19-Microshock a physiological response to a current applied through an intracardiac catheter
flows through the heart.
20- For electricity to have an effect on the human body:
i-An electrical potential difference must be present
ii-The individual must be part of the electrical circuit, that is, a current must enter the body at
one point and leave it at another.
21- Any procedure that reduces or eliminates the skin resistance increases the risk of electrical
shock.
22-Sometimes, a Hospital will decide to start innovations in only one area, either clinical or
hospital engineering.in Partial clinical engineering.
23-Technology Advisory Counseling program is led by a specialized professional or a company
to give technological support.
24-Technology Audit is a tool that allows clinical engineer to evaluate how healthcare
technology is being used.
25-Economic Rescue Plans are structured to analyze the limitations and restraints of actual
technology management that make businesses vulnerable
26-Quality of healthcare depends to some extent on the safety and effectiveness of medical
devices
27-Training is one more management tool to be used in preparing people to meet the new
challenges
28-Contract Management helps hospital fully explore its contracts on Service and Maintenance
,Electricity, Medical gases…
29-Market Procurement is the improve the knowledge of medical equipment market
b -Put ( √ ) or ( × ) and correct wrong statement.
( These are correct statements)
1-Technology audit & action plans are full clinical engineering implementation.( )
2-Clinical Engineer Departments is The logical support center for all medical technologies.( )
3-Healthcare engineer, hospital engineer, biomedical equipment technician, Other terms used to
specify clinical engineer ( )
4- Inventory is applied to medical equipment and facilities and accessories and state of
conservation ( )
5-Personal Management helps the hospital’s maintenance and engineering staff be involved and
prepared to execute its functions ( )
6-Quality of Care means providing healthcare with the most efficient use of resources. (
)
7-The clinical Engineering Department should create specific criteria that reflect the Hospital’s
needs
8-Process Management defines how workers and patient can have benefits from processes. (
)
9-Quality Assurance (QA) & Quality Improvement (QI) are formal sets of activities to measure
the quality of care ( )
10- Market Procurement Improve the knowledge of medical equipment market. (
)
11-In Cost-Effectiveness, Costs are normally expressed in dollars Benefits in terms of: Lives
saved ( )
12- Macroshock, externally applied current spreads through-out the body.
13- Microshock, all the current applied through an intracardiac catheter flows through the heart.
( )
14- A third wire, grounded to earth, can greatly reduce the effect of macroshock ( )
15- Any procedure that reduces or eliminates the skin resistance increases the risk of electrical
shock , including biopotential electrode gel ( )
16- To protect patients from shocks completely isolate and insulate patient from all sources of
electric current ( )
17- The most electrical currents that might contact a patient are of frequency of app. 60 Hz. ( )
18-A high voltage applied over a large impedance (rough skin) may not cause much (any)
damage ( )
19-A low voltage applied over very small impedances (heart tissue) may cause grave
consequences (ventricular fibrillation)
20-However, what causes the physiological effect is NOT voltage, but rather CURRENT. ( )
21-Electrical shock may cause an unwanted or unnecessary cellular depolarization. ( )
22- To conveniently estimate the stimulus current in a cell the cell membrane is modeled as a
dielectric with dielectric constant ε.
23-At the end of the audit, it is possible to develop action plans to improve the use of
technology in the hospital.
24-Technology Inventory helps hospitals to create performance indicators
25-Economic Rescue Plans are structured to analyze the imbalances within the business that are
created by poor technology management.
26-Economic resources are always scarce and have to be used correctly265-In house service
management ,management and analysis of external service providers are related to Strategic
Technology Planning
27-Bipolar Connection: Voltage measurements be taken between two adjacent electrodes.
28-Preamplifier Circuit is used for picking up the unipolar component of ECG signals
29-The isolation circuit separates signal and power source,(to avoid patient from electrical
shock)
__________________________________________________________________________
a-Draw the Block Diagram of ECG Measurement Circuit
b -What is the function of :
The lead selector circuit contains a voltage follower circuit (OP1 and OP2) to match
impedance between the electrode and skin , and increase the input impedance of the selector
Pre-amplifier: An instrumentation amplifier with a gain of 100 is applied as the preamplifier to
catch the unipolar signal from the ECG vectors
Isolation circuit The isolation circuit is designed to isolate signal and line power source by
using
an optical method
c- What is the 6 types of leads
d- Mention one if the ECG Faults and its troubleshooting
What is the ECG?
What is the result of the ECG (draw the graph and indicates each wave and interval)?
State the main parts of the ECG machine parts and its functions
__________________________________________________________________
What are the two major ways to protect patients from shocks?
-To protect patients from shocks completely isolate and insulate patient from all sources of
electric current
_____________________________________________________________________
-What is meant by Einthoven’s triangle
The positioning for leads I, II, and
III were first given by Einthoven.
Form the basis of Einthoven’s triangle
Technology Life-Cycle